Plastic Surgery Essay Example for Free

Plastic Surgery Essay Research Paper Outline Plastic Surgery Section Specialties Recruiting and Retention Fund November 6, 2012 Attn: Mr. Eric J. Harris, Q.C. From: Stan Valnicek, MD, Section Head †Plastic Surgery Dear Mr. Harris Thank you for setting aside the effort to survey our accommodation for the SRRF. We have attempted to compose it into coherent segments speaking to the issues that we face as a Section. Our contention depends on information from the accompanying sources: 1. Canadian Institute for Health Information http://www.cihi.ca 2. Clinical Services Plan (MSP) BC Payment Information 2010/11 report (Latest) 3. Review of our area participation †October 2012 (83% reaction rate) I I have remembered the crude information for the index to this accommodation. We have attempted to utilize the most recent accessible informational indexes from sources autonomous to our area all together be reasonable and precise in our cases. I am glad to give all extra documentation and supporting proof for things in this accommodation as required. The objective of this accommodation is to secure the arrangement of open emergency clinic based plastic medical procedure benefits in the area of BC. Ongoing media consideration in the Vancouver Sun has carried light to the significant delays our patients face in the open framework: http://www.vancouversun.com/wellbeing/Operation+Delayed/7494235/story.html Part of the open issue identifies with constrained emergency clinic assets in the BC general human services framework. Boundaries to enrollment are principally determined by accessibility of OR time and the eagerness of Health Authorities to give the vital assets to new specialists. Lo w compensation affects enlistment in territories of the territory that are constantly underserviced since serious rustic open doors exist across Canada in any event, when major urban regions are very much staffed. Our fundamental issue as a segment is maintenance of specialists inside the open framework and this is basically determined by noteworthy intra and between common pay errors that put us close to the base of every single careful forte. Research Paper Outline 0. Meaning of Plastic Surgery Plastic medical procedure is a misjudged claim to fame and it is astonishing to us how unavoidable the misguided judgments are among the general population as well as our partners in the clinical calling. Media depictions of restorative medical procedure have prompted terrible contortions and hurtful perspectives, which throughout the years have had critical negative effect on our calling and especially on compensation for open work. Plastic medical procedure as a strength became out of the need to address the administration of complex injury recuperating issues in patients with extreme consumes, spinal line wounds, significant injury or imperfections brought about by the extirpation of malignancies. This is as yet the center of our calling today. One hundred years prior skin uniting didn't exist and even moderate consumes were deadly or prompted extreme contractures and deep rooted incapacity. Patients who had bosoms or parts of t heir face expelled spent their outstanding lives distorted and frequently disregarded. Spinal rope harmed patients lived with enormous bedsores seriously confining their versatility and freedom. Kids brought into the world with inherent peculiarities, for example, facial clefts were excluded or more terrible. Those of us who complete missions to the third world see the consequences for patients and families in districts where plastic careful consideration isn't promptly accessible. Plastic specialists have likewise been pioneers in tissue transplantation, wound recuperating, nerve recovery and tissue designing. Revamping structure and capacity has prompted the advancement of altogether new zones, for example, hand and wrist medical procedure, facial injury medical procedure, craniofacial medical procedure, microsurgery and skin malignant growth the executives. In the territory of BC our plastic medical procedure segment gives most of care in the accompanying regions: Disease and injury to hand and wrist Disease and injury to the face Burns Congenital deformities of the furthest point or face Reconstruction for surrenders from malignancy removal Pressure bruises in spinal line harmed or foundationally sick patients Complex injuries Severe contaminations including necrotizing fasciitis Primary tumors of skin and delicate tissue Microsurgical reattachment of cut off appendages or body parts (scalp, ear and so on.) Microsurgical transplantation of tissue Gender reassignment medical procedure We are likewise the third or fourth busiest careful assistance (out of 10) as far as crisis medical procedure because of our inclusion of most of hand, wrist and facial wounds. ii Research Paper Outline I. Enlistment and Retention A: Demographics iii Before introducing our information, I might want to explain a portion of the hidden segment factors. We directly perceive a sum of 81 BC plastic specialists (characterized as those with Canadian confirmation through the RCPS(C) or worldwide identical) inside our Section in BC. A portion of these are low maintenance, semi-resigned or in principally private practice. These serve an expected 2012 BC populace of 4.5 million (Statscan 1). So as to decide â€Å"full time† experts, the Medical Services Commission (MSC) characterizes a cut off for low billings. This progressions yearly and is as of now set at $82,100 yearly MSP billings or less. With this metric our numbers drop to 52 dynamic specialists for the most recent year information was accessible (2010/11)2. Government (MSP) plastic medical procedure registration information varies somewhat as they incorporate any individual who â€Å"bills† fundamentally out of our area of the charge plan as a â€Å"Plastic Surgeon†. There are around 3-5 of these doctors and may incorporate Orthopedic specialists with an essential hand medical procedure practice or impermanent locums. For the motivations behind this accommodation, we will utilize the most present MSP informational collections for the accompanying reasons: they are promptly accessible to the BCMA and to each segment. the BCMA utilizes them for their own computations and designations any apportioned assets legitimately advantage doctors charging out of the plastic medical procedure area of the expense control 1 2 http://www.statcan.gc.ca/ig-gi/pop-bc-eng.htm Medical Services Plan (MSP) BC Payment Information 2010/11 report appended Research Paper Outline B: Plastic Surgery Manpower in BC over recent years iv In the event that one ganders at the numbers from the MSP dataset throughout the previous six years, our development as an area appears to be huge. I have contrasted us with all other careful claims to fame (9 segments) and clinical strengths (18 areas). No doubt the absolute number of BC plastic specialists developed quickly for a long time with a leveling off in the last two. 3 18% 16% 14% 12% 10% 20% Plastic Surgery Anesthesia 8% 6% 4% 2% 0% Other careful strengths Medical Specialties Diagram 1: 6 Year Trend in BC Physician Manpower more than 2005/06 Baseline taking a gander at complete doctor numbers per classification 3 Clinical Services Plan (MSP) BC Payment Information 2010/11 report joined Research Paper Outline v At the point when one applies the semi-resigned/low maintenance installment cutoff (set by MSP) to decide the pattern in â€Å"full time† plastic specialists, the numbers change significantly. Here the information shows that in spite of an expansion in anesthetists, clinical experts and other careful strengths generally speaking, the quantity of full time BC plastic specialists has dropped over the most recent 6 years. 20% Plastic Surgery 2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10 2010/11 Anesthesia 15% 10% 5% 0% Graph 2: 6 Year Trend in BC Physician Manpower more than 2005/06 Baseline seeing full time doctor numbers per classification - 10% - 5% Other careful claims to fame Medical Specialties The MSP charging information shows that regardless of a 17% expansion in the quantity of plastic specialists in the area more than 6 years, the number who bill over a base cut-off and would be viewed as full time has dropped 7%. This pattern is as an unmistakable difference to the development of other forte gatherings in BC. The number of inhabitants in BC from the 2006 to the 2011 evaluation developed from 4.1 million to 4.4 million for a 9% expansion. Another perspective on information shows that in 2005/06 just 19% of BC plastic specialists were charging under the $82,100 cutoff while in 2010/11 the extent had developed to 35%. The effect of this on free to plastic careful consideration is huge. Research Paper Outline C) Manpower issues identified with enrollment and retirement vi Our UBC Medical School has a preparation program for plastic specialists. We generally produce 2-3 alumni every year. Given a populace of 80 specialists and a profession length of 30-35 years one would envision requiring 2-3 new specialists every year in BC. The larger part (88%) of UBC graduates remain in the territory (in view of a survey of all alumni since 1971) and this is reflected in the ascent in absolute plastic specialists in BC in the course of recent years. An ongoing study of our BC segment participation (86% reaction rate) shows 55% feel their emergency clinic is understaffed for plastics and a further 8.6% call their circumstance seriously exhausted. A full 70% of respondents might want to enroll at least one plastic specialists to their locale in the following 3 years. The main three hindrances to enlistment were OR accessibility, collaboration of the Health Authority and low MSP compensation contrasted with different areas. Just 17% felt that accessibility of appropr iate up-and-comers was an issue for enlistment. The significant inquiry is this: Why has the quantity of full time plastic specialists dropped over the ongoing multi year duration as appeared in Charts 1 and 2 in spite of development in every other gathering? The appropriate response we accept lays in a quickening and significant move in our sections’ labor and center from the open framework over to the private (restorative medical procedure) part. D) Private (Cosmetic) Plastic Surgery †Myths and Realities The private or corrective practice in plastic medical procedure has existed since our claim to fame started. Numerous perspectives about private medical procedure mirror the circumstance either in the media (film/TV depictions of restorative medical procedure) or depends on chronicled conduct (30 years prior private medical procedure was the space of the individuals who had �

Total Physical Response Essay Example For Students

Absolute Physical Response Essay TPRTPRTotal Physical Response is a language learning technique dependent on the coordination of discourse and activity. It was created by James Asher, a teacher of brain science at San Jose State University. TPR depends on the way that the human mind has an organic program for acquiring(CSsEOCE) any common language on earth including the communication via gestures of the hard of hearing. The procedure is noticeable when we see how newborn children disguise their first language. The mystery is a discussion between the parent and newborn child. For instance, the primary discussion is a parent saying, Look at daddy. Take a gander at daddy. The babies face turns toward the voice and daddy shouts, Shes taking a gander at me! Shes taking a gander at me! Dr. Asher calls this a language-body discussion on the grounds that the parent talks and the newborn child answers with a physical reaction, for example, looking, grinning, chuckling, turning, strolling, coming to, getting a handle on, holding, sitting, running, etc. We will compose a custom exposition on Total Physical Response explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now In a TPR exercise, educators model activities which understudies then mimic(iICSsi) as they simultaneously(aUCo) hear jargon words and orders in the objective language. For instance, an educator wishing to encourage the expressions stand up and plunk down will provide these orders, model for understudies, and afterward welcome understudies to stand up and plunk down as they hear the suitable order. These straightforward expressions can without much of a stretch be spiced up in TPR practice, as an educator may order an understudy to stand up or plunk down rapidly, gradually, on a book, to one side, to one side, twice while wheezing, multiple times while singing the nationalanthem, etc.As a specific activity is related with every jargon word or expression, understudies quickly and normally procure language while setting up enduring relationship between the mind and the muscles. Much like figuring out how to ride a bike, understudies who learn language through TPR won't before long over look it. it is centered around single-thing jargon words . Second language learning is corresponding to first language learning and ought to mirror the equivalent naturalistic procedures. Kids react truly to communicated in language, and grown-up students learn better in the event that they do that as well. When listening appreciation has been created, discourse grows normally and easily out of it. Grown-ups should utilize right-mind engine exercises, while the left side of the equator watches and learns. TPR appears to work for most dialects including the communication through signing of the hard of hearing and the language of science. REFRENCES:Year 2000 Update for Total Physical Response by Dr. James Asher, originator of TPRTotal Physical Response Storytelling: A Communicative Approach to Language Learning by Valeri MarshWhat is TPR :from www.tbr-world.com

Goodman Brown free essay sample

To think about Young Goodman Brown in Nathaniel Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown with Roderick Usher from Edgar Allan Poes The Fall of the House of Usher, one should initially comprehend the spurring factor each man has of his general surroundings and how they respond to that world. Both Brown and Usher experience the ill effects of thwarted expectation and a passionate seperation from family because of a horrible encounter they couldn't or reluctant to recoup from, in this manner discoloring their desire forever. Neither one of the men can transcend the sentiments that came about because of these events. Despite the fact that Usher and Brown are two unique men, they dread something very similar, passing. Usher had an unreasonable dread of death itself, while Brown feared succumbing to sin and consume in Hell forever. Youthful Goodman Brown is a genuine Puritan, persuaded by his confidence. Earthy colored is blameless and to some degree guileless in his perspective on his general surroundings. We will compose a custom article test on Goodman Brown or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page He participates in an excursion through the dull woods one night with a man ventured to be simply the fallen angel. This experience stirs him to the wealth of double dealing and corrupt conduct of those he once regarded as well as his family too. While talking about Browns strong christian family ancestry, the more interesting remarks I have been too familiar with your family as ever a one among the Puritans (391). Earthy colored understands that even great christian people tumble to the allurement of wrongdoing. Nonetheless, realizing this doesn't decrease the dread and disgrace he feels that he himself may likewise capitulate to sin before the sun rises. With Roderick Usher, he is persuaded by the staggering feeling of entanglement his dread of kicking the bucket holds over him. It is clear Usher experiences serious mental tension, along these lines distorting his impression of the real world. His silly conduct, just as the storytellers disquiet, declines as the story advances. What is muddled is the first reason for Ushers extreme feelings of dread. As indicated by the storyteller, Usher sees his reality as dim and choking, which is reflecting the feeling of insuffferable unhappiness of the state of the family bequest (505). As a result of Browns failure to acknowledge that sooner or later everybody sins, he winds up carrying on with an existence without trust. Everybody is currently a miscreant on the flooding parkway to Hell. He permits his embitterment to demolish his once cherishing relationship with his significant other, leaving him to pass on a pitiful and forlorn man. The inscription upon his gravestone stays unfilled, no cheerful section upon his headstone; for his perishing hour was unhappiness (397). Incapable to defeat the mind-boggling feeling of fate, Ushers silly dread is the thing that at last causes the very thing he is so terrified of, his own passing. Add to an effectively shaky psyche the blame of burying his twin sister while she despite everything lives, it is no little miracle the phantom like development of Madeline makes him succumb to the fear he had foreseen. Ironicly upon the passings of the last two Usher decendants the forceful dividers surged in two and the profound and wet pool shut dourly and quietly over the parts of the House of Usher (515). The house is devoured by the water encompassing it. To close, it is anything but difficult to permit oneself to get lost in ones own psyche, in this manner making a sort of mental jail. It is similarly as critical to acknowledge that defects and fears exist in everybody. Passing shows up to all sooner or later, along these lines, appreciate the supernatural endowment of existence without permitting the dread of kicking the bucket to devour the unadulterated delight of relaxing.

psychological-size

Question: How does the idea of mental size associate with our conversation here on power. Further, how does upward and descending correspondence identify with our discussion here on power? Answer: The mental size idea has a unique significance with regards to places of power. This force can prompt there being an effect on the procedure of correspondence. Mental size likewise influences the individuals deciding the way in which things are being done (Wong, Wong, Heng, 2007). Force can likewise prompt there being hesitance towards a two-way correspondence and prompting a correspondence being one path since there may be hesitance in the individuals to annoy the individuals in power (Franke, 1993). Reference Franke, R. (1993). The Ultimate Advantage: Creating the High-Involvement Organization.Academy Of Management Perspectives,7(1), 105-106. https://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ame.1993.9409142063 Wong, J., Wong, P., Heng, L. (2007). An examination of administration styles and relationship societies of Chinese and exile chiefs in global development organizations in Hong Kong.Construction Management And Economics,25(1), 95-106. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01446190600632573

Process Of Wound Healing From The Point Of Wound Formation - 3300 Words

Process Of Wound Healing From The Point Of Wound Formation (Essay Sample) Content: WOUND HEALINGStudent:Professor:Course:Date:WOUND HEALINGThe human skin sustains injuries throughout life; this is brought by the concept that it is known to be a plastic organ. The skin can repair wounds, and this makes it paramount to surviving (Phillips, 2003). The ability to repair wounds is regulated by wound components which include; stem cells, extracellular matrix and mechanical force (Phillips, 2003). These pathways are combined across the different skin parts and are sort out on molecular and cellular levels. Wound healing is a dynamic and complex process that involves replacement of missing tissue layers and cellular structures. Shaw explains that wound repair is an essential physiological process for tissue homeostasis though it can be impaired in diseases and leads to the formation of numerous pathologies (Shaw, Martin, 2009).A wound can be as a result of internal or external damage. The internal damage is due to an impaired immune and nervous system funct ion or a decrease in the supply of blood, insufficient oxygen supply or inadequate supply of nutrients to the affected areas. The external wounds are results of objects penetration or non-penetrating trauma (Kumar, Marianne, Anthony, 2006).However, a wound can have an exposed underlying tissue, and they, therefore, form an open wound whereas closed wound do results as damages that occur without exposing the underlying tissue (Wilson, 1999). The ways in which skin is injured will always determine how the injured wound will get to heal. An incised wound will cause little damage to the surrounding tissue and so there will be no interruption of the blood supply, therefore, it will get to heal faster. The shearing injuries will cause minimal disruption of the skin surface, but it may lead to tissue necrosis with the risk of infections and prolonged healing if proper handling is not addressed (Nicholas, 2002).However, a wound can be caused by different factors such as the natural disaste r among others, and several factors can alter a wound from healing properly (Kumar, Marianne, Anthony, 2006). So the possible causes of the tissue damage are to be identified before the wound healing process is carried out through the wound healing process takes time and slows with age. Depending on the time a wound takes to heal, a wound can be an acute or chronic injury (Broughton, Janis, Attinger, 2006). Cases of chronic wounds are common among the older population, and it takes a longer time to heal. The process of wound healing can be put into three or four phases i.e. hemostasis, inflammatory phase, proliferation/granulation phase, and remodeling phase. A wound can be as a result of internal or external damage. The internal damage is due to an impaired immune and nervous system function or a decrease in the supply of blood, insufficient oxygen supply or inadequate supply of nutrients to the affected areas. The external wounds are results of objects penetration or non-penetrati ng trauma (Kumar, Marianne, Anthony, 2006).However, a wound can have an exposed underlying tissue, and they, therefore, form an open wound whereas closed wound do results as damages that occur without exposing the underlying tissue (Wilson, 1999). The ways in which skin is injured will always determine how the injured wound will get to heal. An incised wound will cause little damage to the surrounding tissue and so there will be no interruption of the blood supply, therefore, it will get to heal faster. The shearing injuries will cause minimal disruption of the skin surface, but it may lead to tissue necrosis with the risk of infections and prolonged healing if proper handling is not addressed (Nicholas, 2002).A healing process of a wound involves wound contraction, synthesis of collagen and epithelization process. However, the ability of the skin to heal depends on the depth of the damage to the skin which can be classified as; The superficial, partial thickness and full thickness . According to Percival, the superficial wounds involve the epidermis and papillary dermis, and they heal by epithelialization from surviving pilosebaceous units such as sweat glands and hair follicles (Broughton, Janis, Attinger, 2006).The partial thickness heals with a combination of re-epithelialization from pilosebaceous units with the ability of wound contraction and scar formation. The full thickness wounds, however, involves two healing stages, Primary, and secondary healing.Immediately after tissue injury through an incision, the first response is usually bleeding.It is the body's natural response which is then triggered by chemical release from endothelial cells and pain receptors. Coagulation and vasoconstriction start with clotted blood covering the wound. The wound undergoes dehydration and a layer forms (Gnter, Machens, 2014). The healing process is systematic and goes in the events as follows.Wound healing phasesInitial phase- hemostasisThe first result of an injury i s followed by an outflow of lymphatic fluid and blood Hemostasis begins almost immediately after the wound has occurred. The affected blood vessels start to constrict to reduce blood flow to the wounded area. It is the body's natural response which is then triggered by chemical releases from endothelial cells and pain receptors. Both the extrinsic and intrinsic clotting mechanisms become activated (Steed, 2003). Following the platelets respond by discharging adenosine diphosphate (ADP) which help thrombocyte to clump, therefore covering the wound. The thrombocytes together with white blood cells release the other numerous factors to accelerate healing process (Gnter, Machens, 2014). Blood cells get caught in the mesh and strengthen the clot. While the fibrin meshes forms around the wounded area, the blood begins to coagulate into a gel. Here inflammation process, myoblastic creation, blood vessels growth have commenced.The interleukins here influences inflammation process. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) enhance the formulation of blood vessels.(Falabella, Kirsner, 2005)Second phase-inflammationAs inflammatory phase begins during hemostasis phase, the initial component of inflammatory phase is controlled by macrophages. The inflammation stage will also be followed by the passive leakage of circulating leukocytes from the damaged blood vessel into the wound accompanied by rapid activation of immune cells together with the Langerhans cells which release a quick pulse of chemokines and cytokines. Within 6-8hours, the next stage of the healing process is underway. The polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNS) extrude themselves from blood vessels, and they cleanse and clear debris from the wound. As this continues monocytes exude from vessels Once (Steed, 2003).when they leave vessels they are termed as macrophages and are responsible for continuous cleansing and manufacturing growth factors. The macrophages also secrete many of the factors that influence the process of wound healing (Falabella, Kirsner, 2005).Third phase- granulation/proliferationIn this phase, there are different sub-phases which don't happen in separate time frames but an ongoing process. These sub-phases are "matrix deposit in fibroplasia angiogenesis and re-epithelialization which can last even up to four weeks for a clean wound (Falabella, Kirsner, 2005). The proliferation process depend on the size and the location of the wound, for example, a small skin wound will take a lesser time to heal, the cells within the wound form a permanent closure of the wound gap and replenish the lost tissues. Fibroblasts are connective tissue that helps promote the growth of new tissue in the injured area (Wilson, 1999). Angiogenesis is stimulated by growth factors and begins to form new blood vessels from the damaged blood vessels. Collagen proteins are deposited and increase the strength of the new tissue forming. The extracellular matrix is formed through secretions from other cells and provides more structural and biochemical support to surrounding cells. Granulation tissue forms on the surface of the wound (Wilson, 1999).During the epithelialization phase, epithelial cells migrate across the new granulation tissue to form a barrier between the wound and the environment. In the final phase of the regular wound healing process, collagen is rearranged and replaced with different types of collagen (Kumar, Marianne, Anthony, 2006).Fourth phase remodeling/maturationIn this phase, the wound goes through constant alteration called improvement. This process can even last for after the injury occurred (Garg, Longaker, 2000).The wound contracts a great extent when secondary healing is taking place, unlike the primary healing. Finally the twelfth week, the resultant scar has 80% tensile strength replaced by the original skin. Remodeling and realignment of the collagen tissue occur to produce greater tensile strength then follows. Enoch explains that wound improveme nt takes place when the underlying contractile and connective tissue shrinks to bring the edges of the wounds together (Enoch, 2004).This contraction occurs between the interaction of the fibroblast and surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM).Agents like platelet-rich plasma are factors that have positive effects on regeneration of tissues and successfully they have been used to facilitate wound healing (Gnter, Machens, 2014).Nutrition is also critical for wound healing. It correlates with fast with wound healing (Garg, Longaker, 2000).However, in some instances wounds do not undergo the above stages when the wound is much chronic. In this case, the wound has to be handled by a clinician.Chronic wound healingThe chronic wound healing involves a search by a clinician for underlying causes that may have made a woun...

How to Prep for the PSAT

Learn What to Expect During the PSAT Exam Many high school juniors are gearing up for the PSAT this fall. Oftentimes, this is a student’s first experience with a standardized test for college and for many, it can provide valuable insight into their academic strengths and weaknesses. The PSAT is also the qualifying test for the National Merit Scholarship Program, which awards college scholarship money to top test takers. In order to earn your personal best score, it’s important to prepare in advance and set yourself up for success. Keep reading to learn our top tips for preparing for the PSAT exam. Make Sure to Sign Up in AdvancedIn order to take the PSAT, students must register through their school. The PSAT is offered three times in October, and your school will offer the test on one of those three dates. Check with your school guidance department about when you are able to register and on what date you school is offering the test. Students who are homeschooled or located internationally may still be eligible to take the exam, so don’t be afraid to reach out in order to learn more. Learn the BasicsThe PSAT has two main sections - Reading Writing and Math. The highest score a student can receive is a 760 per section and the minimum score is 160. Consequently, a perfect score on the exam would be a 1520 and the lowest score a test taker could possible receive would be a 320. The exam takes 2 hours and 45 minutes in total and includes a near equal distribution of reading, writing, and math questions, which the chart further breaks down below. Section Questions Time Reading 47 60 minutes Writing 44 35 minutes Math 48 75 minutes Don’t Be Afraid to GuessOn the PSAT, an incorrect answer is the same leaving an answer blank -- there is no additional penalty for guessing. This means that if you’re unsure of an answer, it’s always better to try and take a guess than to leave any answers blank! Take a practice testIf possible, take a practice exam before sitting for the PSAT so you have a better idea of what you can expect. Students can find an official one by visiting the CollegeBoard’s website. Take note of the kinds of questions on the exam and if there are any specific topics that are particularly challenging for you. A practice exam can also help students develop a better sense of the timing and pace of the exam, so they know what to expect on test day. Create a ChecklistSet yourself up for success on exam day by preparing what you need to bring in advance. This should include at least two No. 2 pencils with erasers, a calculator that is approved by the CollegeBoard, and a photo ID or CollegeBoard Student ID Form. Avoid bringing any items that are banned on test day, including colored pens and pencils, smartwatches, and rulers. On the morning of the exam, give yourself enough time to double-check your bag, eat a balanced breakfast, and arrive at school with time to spare. Whether you’re hoping to secure a scholarship through the National Merit Program or only just beginning to explore college test preparation, the PSAT is a great opportunity to evaluate your test taking skills and gauge how you will perform on future on exams. If you’re preparing for standardized tests and looking for one on one help, our team of expert tutors can ensure you feel confident when it comes time to take your exam.

What is the Purpose of Critical Criminology - 2011 Words

Critical criminology is a study of crime using a conflict perspective which considers the causes and contexts for crime, deviance and disorder; it has also been known as radical criminology and the new criminology. This perspective combines a wide range of concerns from across the more radical approaches, such as Marxism and feminism. It incorporates a wide number of ideas and political strands, generally associated with an oppositional position in relation to conventional criminology. Raising epistemological questions about the ideological foundations of criminology has been the objective of critical criminologists. Critical studies are extremely important in this respect as they keep us all on our toes with regard to our own†¦show more content†¦The central problem was that wholesale improvement in social conditions resulted in not a drop in crime but rather the reverse (Young 1998, p.159). Critical criminology had a significant impact on academic criminology over two decades ago but still remains important and influential today. The new criminology had a brief period of decline and is now experiencing a resurgence of interest and influence (Walton Young 1998). Critical criminologists raise a number of important questions and see crime as a process related to wider economic and political structures of power. They question the way social control operates and is used. They explain crime as a result of the alienation and powerless of the working class, con trolled by capitalism. The focus for structuralist criminology is the crimes of the powerful and the crimes of the less powerful. The ruling class was seen to create laws that served their basic interests and also to exercise a hegemonic influence over all classes in society; ruling class laws. These laws were created to serve and protect the interests of the powerful; the higher classes. Gramsci states that the ruling class maintain power by securing the consensus of the ruled. This was achieved by the maintenance of a hegemonic culture in which the ruling class power is legitimised and the ruled in effect consent to be ruled by accepting (Corall H 1998). A major work in this tradition was Hall et al Policing the Crisis in 1978.Show MoreRelated The American Society Of Criminology Essay1602 Words   |  7 PagesThe American Society Of Criminology â€Å"AHHHHhhhhh!† I let out a girlish scream and squirmed as shivers went strait up my spine. I was glued to the latest episode of CSI: Crime Scene Investigation, a show that I have watched religiously since its debut. Criminology is something that has always fascinated me, and is a career that I hope to pursue in the future as an FBI agent. I frequently surf the web looking for short stories to read about different criminal cases and to find informationRead MoreCriminology1427 Words   |  6 Pages(Siegal, 2010) (McLaughlin amp; Muncie, 2005) Criminology 211 Essay This essay topic consists of two main components. The first requires you to demonstrate your knowledge of and a familiarity with the theory/perspective and the second requires you to demonstrate an understanding of its application (in either policy or practice) and the impact of its application. i)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Briefly identify the main features and concepts of radical criminology. ii)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Critically discuss theRead MoreThe Role Of Criminology And The Criminal Justice System1565 Words   |  7 Pagesfound guilty are punished for their crimes. 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These key areas of interest are the genesis and tenets of life-course criminology, its key contributors and critics, and how both of the se parties haveRead MoreCriminology And The Social Theory Essay1726 Words   |  7 Pages The ideology ‘rendezvous discipline’ refers to the study being multidisciplinary, in which many fields and outlooks are used. This mean the study of criminology is micro in nature because behaviour can be analysed in depth form different angles of approach. According to Sellin, criminology can include the realms of politics (such as left and right realist approaches to criminal behaviour and prevention strategies), psychology (such as biological and social theories for the onset of criminal activity)Read MoreSociology Of Crime : Policing1392 Words   |  6 Pageswhen the police is asking for assistance in these spheres of activity. (Millie, 2014, 4-5). Another original finding of the author which is, obviously, is one more contribution is that the police can and may be used more effectively not only for the purpose of crime reduction and criminals tracking and arrest, but also crime prevention which is, as per the author’s reasonable suggestion, the root of the e ntire crime problem and shall be dealt with by means of intensive provision of significant assistanceRead MoreCriminology : Types Of Criminal Personality1362 Words   |  6 PagesCriminology: Different Crimes Criminology: What is criminal personality? The term personality is used to define and describe the temperament and emotional attributes of a person. (S. Jones 2016). These behaviors are consistent and influence a person’s behavior so that a person may be compelled to act in the manner almost daily. The term criminal personality means a person who is of the nature to commit crime due to their temperament, ways of thinking, feeling and acting. In this paper there willRead MoreThe Rise Of The Hippy Culture In 1960S Challenges The Cultural1874 Words   |  8 Pagesunderstanding post-modern deviant behaviour, it is unnecessary to use the old criteria in deviance and crime, as it will only lead to negative side-effects. Thus, new set of theory was formed to make sense on what was happening on 1960s and all fall under the umbrella of Critical criminology. As new cultures are forming, also influences the evolution of the fashion industry, as it reflect the contemporary society, thus, incorporating a more ‘naturalâ€⠄¢ look (Welters 2008). These types of clothing, complimentsRead MoreJuvenile Female Sex Offenders : Offender And Offence Characteristics933 Words   |  4 Pages9/17/14 Juvenile Female Sex Offenders Wijkman, Miriam, Catrien Bijleveld, and Jan Hendriks. Juvenile Female Sex Offenders: Offender And Offence Characteristics. European Journal Of Criminology 11.1 (2013): 23-38. European Journal Of Criminology. Web. 14 Sept. 2014. http://euc.sagepub.com/content/11/1/23. For this critical paper I evaluated the article, Juvenile Female Sex Offenders: Offender And Offence Characteristics†. This article conforms to the library help for being a scholarly article by theRead MoreThe War On Drug: Reasons Behind The Criminalisation of Drugs and Functions of Crime In Society1255 Words   |  6 Pages(Provine, 2011, p.45). This essay focuses on the disproportionality of incarceration rates between African and Anglo Americans, and illustrates the unequal operation of law enforcement on African-Americans (Provine, 2011). This essay applies Marxist criminology to argue that the drug war is a manipulation of the law and system by the upper class to maintain their status and power over the lower class (Bradley Walters, 2012). Therefore the drug war is not essentially focused on ‘illicit’ drugs, but focuses

Criticism Of Utilitarianism By John Stuart Mill - 895 Words

Option 2 – Criticisms of Utilitarianism John Stuart Mill was a 19th century influential philosopher and strong advocate of the moral theory, utilitarianism. Utilitarianism centers on the idea that whether actions are morally right or wrong depends on their outcomes. Significantly, â€Å"the only effects of actions that are relevant are the good and bad results that they produce† (Nathanson). But this has led to many interpretations of utilitarianism and to challenges and criticisms it has receive over the centuries. Such opponents not only included other moral theorist, but supporters of the utilitarian branch as well. Mill, a gift to the utilitarianism community , strove to reform it by laying out the distinction between individual actions and types of actions. He performs this by providing philosophical support for pursuing â€Å"higher pleasures† and social order under utilitarianism. The classical utilitarianism - specifically Bentham’s hedonistic tr adition - proposes that pleasure is the one and only intrinsic good. Things are good insofar as they are pleasant, and happiness consists in pleasure (Brink). This was the traditional layout of utilitarianism and due to this, it was easily criticized it to be morality for swine (Fox, PPTX). Mill undermines this conception of pleasure by arguing that we can, instead derive pleasure through â€Å"higher pleasures† besides carnal or â€Å"lower pleasures†. The canonical expression of this contrast is between the lower pleasure of push pinShow MoreRelatedThe Pros And Cons Of Utilitarianism954 Words   |  4 PagesThe Pros and Cons of Utilitarianism Utilitarianism is the ethical belief that the happiness of the greatest number of people is the greatest good. Jeremy Betham and John Stuart Mill are two philosophers that were leading advocates for the utilitarianism that we study today. In order to understand the basis of utilitarianism, one must know what happiness is. John Stuart Mill defines happiness as the intended pleasure and absence of pain while unhappiness is pain and the privation of pleasure. UtilitariansRead MoreUtilitarianism, By John Stuart Mill1599 Words   |  7 PagesUtilitarianism is a doctrine in normative ethics that is outlined and defended by many philosophers, including the English philosopher John Stuart Mill as a standard to determine what are right and wrong actions. At its most basic claim, the right course of action one must take should be in the interest of maximizing what is known as utility. The right course of action is determined as being right if it maximizes the total benefit and happiness gain ed, while at the same time reducing the greatestRead More John Stuart Mills Philosophy of Happiness Essay1099 Words   |  5 PagesJohn Stuart Mills Philosophy of Happiness Along with other noted philosophers, John Stuart Mill developed the nineteenth century philosophy known as Utilitarianism - the contention that man should judge everything in life based upon its ability to promote the greatest individual happiness. While Bentham, in particular, is acknowledged as the philosophy’s founder, it was Mill who justified the axiom through reason. He maintained that because human beings are endowed with the ability for consciousRead MoreJohn Stuart Mill’s Theory of Utilitarianism1336 Words   |  5 Pagesmorally using John Stuart Mill’s theory of Utilitarianism and the Greatest Happiness Principle (GHP) and Immanuel Kant’s Deontology and his Formula of Universal Law (FUL). I will also explain why Kantian Deontology works better as a moral theory in the case of Tom and Mary. In John Stuart Mill’s, â€Å"Utilitarianism,† Mill describes his theory as, â€Å"†¦ not something to be contradistinguished from pleasure, but pleasure itself, together with the exemption of pain (2001, p. 9).† What Mill is describing canRead MoreThe Moral Theory Of Utilitarianism1725 Words   |  7 Pagesdecisions. Utilitarianism is one of these many moral theories. Upon further analysis, problems with utilitarian thoughts are revealed. It has been widely debated by many philosophers, including G.E. Moore and Immanuel Kant. Like these two philosophers, I argue that utilitarianism is inadequate because of its contradictory nature as a moral theory. It highlights the principle of utility in seeking the greatest pleasure, allowing egotistic and hedonistic actions to be considered moral. John Stuart MillRead More Immanuel Kants Ethics Of Pure Duty and John Stuart Mills Utilitarian Ethics Of Justice2753 Words   |  12 PagesFor The Metaphysics of Morals and John Stuart Mills Utilitarianism Immanuel Kant and John Stuart Mill are philosophers who addressed the issues of morality in terms of how moral traditions are formed. Immanuel Kant has presented one viewpoint in The Grounding For The Metaphysics of Morals that is founded on his belief that the worth of man is inherent in his ability to reason. John Stuart Mill holds another opinion as presented in the book, Utilitarianism that is seemingly in contentionRead MoreEssay about Utilitarianism or God, do we have to choose?1552 Words   |  7 Pages Utilitarianism or God, do we have to choose? During many years that question is being formulated and many scholars had a very difficult time to decide if it was possible to follow God’s will and the principle of utility maximization. The principle of utility maximization was a theory created by John Stuart Mill and presented in his book Utilitarianism (1863). Societies throughout the years have argued that those theories are hard to combine, since Utilitarianism seeks for self-development andRead MoreUtilitarianism, By John Stuart Mill1372 Words   |  6 PagesAct Utilitarianism is a long standing and well supported philosophical argument that when boiled down to its most basic elements, can be described as creating â€Å"the greatest good for the greatest number† (122). Such was the sentiment of John Stuart Mill, one of act utilitarianism’s (also known as just utilitarianism) greatest pioneers, and promoters. Mills believed that his theory of always acting in a way that achieved the greatest net happiness was both superior to other philosophical theories andRead MoreUtilitarianism And The Political And Economic Aspects Of Development1493 Words   |  6 PagesUtilitarianism in the political and economic aspects of development has been widely recognized and human social practice plays a huge impact. But the utilitarian always at the place of criticism, misunderstanding. People tend to equate utilitarianism simply with individualism. In fact, the means of utilitarianism not only consider a behaviour and motivation, and to emphasize life purpose should emerge to the scope of his own happiness, to care about other people s happiness and the improvement ofRead MoreJohn Stuart Mill s Utilitarianism1642 Words   |  7 Pagesa wide range of interpretations, as well as having no clear meaning. John Stuart Mill, an English philosopher, based his controversial sentiments of happiness on Jeremy Bentham’s utilitarianism, believing that goods are the means to greatest happiness for the gr eatest number of peoples. Epicurus, an Ancient Greek philosopher, who similarly encouraged people to follow his pleasure based philosophy to obtain happiness. Unlike Mill, Epicurus’ philosophy is based on individualistic hedonism, which often

Stereotypes And Gender Roles Of Women Essay - 1522 Words

A stereotype can be defined as â€Å"a widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing.† Stereotypes are preconceived notions about a group of people. Gender roles are â€Å"the public image of being a particular gender that a person presents to others.† These roles are also known as the social norms that dictate the types of behaviors that are deemed acceptable, appropriate or desirable for people of the two genders. Both stereotypes and gender roles of women (and of men) have spanned the centuries. When looking at medieval texts as well as a Classical Greek text, readers are shown how women, especially, are viewed by society as well as the role they are given. During these times women were typically stereotyped to be less dominant than men and their gender roles were very narrowly focused on life inside the home but in some literature pieces that wasn t the case. Stereotypes reflect social attitudes about the kind of hum an being women (and men) are. Stereotypes reflect a person’s character and special nature. Women during Medieval times were extremely unequal to men in all aspects of life. Women were less educated, not entitled to a political vote and were not able to choose whether or not to marry or to have children. It seems as if women, when they became wives, were almost treated as children by their husbands. Women were told what to do, what to say and basically how to live their life by their â€Å"superiors,† men. However,Show MoreRelatedGender Roles And Stereotypes Of Women1675 Words   |  7 Pagesoccasional generic, sexist, joke, but these jokes and phrases may be more harmful than they seem. Gender roles influence the way people see the world, everything from parenting roles to places in the workforce are affected by how the public perceives gender. This is why those simple ‘jokes’ are so problematic. They are symptomatic of the toxic way the world sees gen der. Gender roles affect men and women which leaves no one at the winning side, and at this point in history, no one at fault. TeenagersRead MoreGender Roles And Stereotypes Of Women981 Words   |  4 Pagesmale dominancy. Women’s wisdom and talent goes unappreciated and unnoticeable as the series progresses. Women are portrayed as either the sidekicks of the male characters or an instrument in which men use to fill their sexual needs. The women in the show are often dependent on the man’s advice and supposedly sound reasoning. The message from the show symbolizes that in a society without men, women would be emotionally deprived and crazed, but with men they can develop a self-actualization that is notRead MoreWomen s Roles And Gender Stereotypes Essay1154 Words   |  5 PagesWomen’s Roles The Simpsons is a TV show that airs on the Fox network. During the fifth season, in an episode called Lisa vs. Malibu Stacy, Lisa challenges the makers of the Malibu Stacy doll to create a less sexist doll. The original creator of Malibu Stacy teams up with Lisa to create Lisa Lionheart to create a positive influence for young girls. This episode raised a lot of questions regarding gender roles and stereotypes. Gender stereotypes are prominent in today’s life style. Per gender stereotypesRead MoreWhy And How Gender Stereotypes1654 Words   |  7 PagesWhy and How Gender Stereotypes in Advertisements are Challenged Traditional gender roles were constructed based on devotion to cultural value as well as social construct based geographical placement. Males were usually associated and expected to express masculinity while females on the other hand had to express femininity (Ickes). The gender roles have been preserved for too long and it has become almost like a permanent component of a society—like a body part itself, rather than a constructed normsRead MoreGender Stereotypes In Mulan1673 Words   |  7 Pagesthe media portrays is often what is perceived. Instead of using the media to strengthen stereotypes among people, the media should be used to stop stereotyping once and for all. While gender stereotypes do unfortunately exist, representations of gender in pop culture can have a positive impact by allowing society to see these stereotypes being broken. In the Disney classic, Mulan, several gender stereotypes are portrayed throughout the film. Mulan, the main character, faces several expectationsRead MoreTeaching In A Twenty First Century Society, The Expectation1140 Words   |  5 PagesTeaching in a twenty first century society, the expectation for gender equality is important to provide the proper exposure, understanding, and educate individuals about society’s norms. These expectations that students will need to make acceptable choices for the betterment of their future. Therefore, it is the duty for educators to offer introductions in gender roles, gender stereotypes, and sexism. These are sensitive topics and need to be taught accurately with balanced information and with aRead MoreEssay On Gender Oppression1507 Words   |  7 PagesGender Oppression Nelson Mandela once said, Freedom cannot be achieved unless women have been emancipated from all forms of oppression. What Mandela is trying to convey is that society is being restrained by social norms and gender roles. While today’s society is not as controlled by gender as Mandela’s, women still continue to be oppressed by it. In the reading â€Å"The Cycle of Oppression,† the cycle is explained part by part, and why it is continuous is discovered. The cycle remains continuous becauseRead MoreBefore Diving Into The Current State Of Male Roles In Advertising,1322 Words   |  6 PagesBefore diving into the current state of male roles in advertising, it is necessary to review past gender stereotypes and how they have developed in the past. Looking at advertising through the media from a social determinist standpoint, the existing cultural and social values and progresses are what determine how gender roles are portrayed in media. This would go against the cul tivation theory notion that the media used to portray men and women are what shape our cultural and social ideologiesRead MoreOrganizational Psychology : Gender And Leadership938 Words   |  4 Pagesstereotyping causes of the phenomena studied by organizational psychology underlying. Research on gender and leadership focuses on both college students and executives in various business settings. A common theme concerns the idea that a good leader is model described incompatible male with feminine behavior, sometimes thought of as think-Manager. For example, to provoke some settings pronounced stereotypes. If the expected leadership style of an organization at a given hora direct, exacerbate uncaringRead MoreEssay on Gender Stereotype538 Words   |  3 PagesGender Stereotype According to the writers in chapter, â€Å"Gender Stereotyping And the Media†, gender stereotypes are harmful to men and women. Gender stereotypes set impossible standards for men and women that lead to unhappiness, loneliness and possibly violence towards themselves. Stereotypes affect relationships between a man and a woman. Moreover, stereotypes dictate the behavior of boys and girls that lead to violence. Rather than combating gender stereotypes, our society reinforces

Family Violence And Domestic Violence - 1405 Words

Introduction Family violence, also known as domestic violence is the disorderly conduct by a person to another person, a family, or a family’s property. It is violence between family members and between people in domestic or intimate relationships. Generally family violence behavior is predicted to be as physical abuse, however there are a wide range of behaviors involved. These behaviors include, sexual abuse, verbal abuse, physical abuse, economical abuse, emotional abuse, social abuse, and spiritual abuse. Family violence has become a growing issue in Australia due to a 65 percent increase of family incidents since 2011 (The crime statistics agency, 2015). Violence and abuse does not only perpetrate between couples or members of different genders, it also does occur between same sexual partners. However, it is more commonly seen in couples of different genders. Therefore, this report will outline the role of gender that relates to family violence, the causes of family violence, and what could possibly prevent it. Gender Gender is the social identity of a person; it characterizes what society and culture portrays as feminine and masculine. Sex however, determines the biological and hormonal difference between female and male. â€Å"Gender relations are the ways in which a culture or society defines rights, responsibilities, and the identities of men and women in relation to one another† (Bravo-Baumann, 2000, what is gender). Biological sex of a person establishes theShow MoreRelatedDomestic Violence : A Common Form Of Family Violence1076 Words   |  5 PagesDomestic Violence Domestic violence (D V) occurs in almost every society and culture of the world. It can be physical, sexual, emotional, or psychological actions or threats of actions that influences another person. It is behaviors that intimidates, manipulate, humiliate, isolate, frighten, stalk, terrorize, coerce, threaten, blame, hurt, injure, and wound someone. It affects mothers, fathers, sisters, brothers of nearly every person in our community either directly or indirectly. What is DomesticRead MoreDomestic Violence Within Families And Relationships1515 Words   |  7 Pagescauses of domestic violence within families and relationships? 2.INTRODUCTION This is an investigation into the types of domestic violence that occurs in our everyday lives within families in most cases this is unreported particularly in relationships and families. Family violence is any abusive behaviour in a family or intimate relationship where one person attempts to gain and maintain control over another. Gaining control over the other person is commonly gained through the use of violence whichRead MoreDomestic Violence and the Effect it has on Family1587 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Domestic violence is a violent confrontation between family or household members involving physical harm, sexual assault, or fear of physical harm† (Stewart Croudep, 1998-2012). In most places domestic violence is looked on as one of the higher priorities when trying to stop crime. Domestic Violence cases are thought to be influenced by the use of alcohol, drugs, stress or anger but in reality, they are just learned behaviors by the batterer. These habits can be stoppe d as long as one seeks helpRead MoreThe Effects Of Domestic Violence On The Family System986 Words   |  4 Pagesground domestic violence physically, psychologically and socially affects women, men and their families. In addition, the abuse usually is an attempt by one partner to exert control through pressure, fear, verbal abuse or threats of violence. Therefore, the family system concepts theory â€Å"understanding the significance of the environmental context of the family system is the key to assessing family process and outcomes† Thomlison, 2010, p. 45). The family system â€Å"concept 1 theory is the family as aRead MoreDomestic Violence in Immigrant Families Essay5608 Words   |  23 PagesPolicy  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Assignment Three: Canadian Human Rights Report Topic – Violence against immigrant women in South Asian, African and Korean communities Instructor: Jane Birbeck March 21st, 2011 Annotated Bibliography: Violence against Immigrant Women in South Asian, African and Korean Communities An annotated bibliography Annotated Bibliography Introduction This paper analyzes the phenomenon of violence against immigrant women, specifically within South Asian, African and KoreanRead MoreDomestic Violence in All Types of Families2794 Words   |  11 PagesUnited States (Domestic Violence Statistics, 2013). Women between the ages of 20-24 are at a greater risk for abuse than any other age group.† (CITE). Domestic violence is a social problem that happens every day nationwide. For example, an estimated 1.3 million women are victims of physical assault each year (Domestic Violence Facts, 2007). This estimated number is just the instances of abuse that are reported by women to police each year. Many women do not report domestic violence to the police outRead MoreDomestic Violence and Its Effects on Family Life2341 Words   |  10 Pages Domestic Violence What is Domestic Violence? Domestic violence is the leading cause of an injury to women between the ages of 15 and 44, more than car accidents, muggings and rape combined. A woman is most likely to be assaulted, injured, raped or killed by a male partner than by any type of assault. Domestic violence occurs in every state, let alone many countries, in all economic, ethnic and social backgrounds. Many victims of domestic violence have changed their lives and escaped theRead MoreDomestic Violence Among Women And Their Families2006 Words   |  9 Pages(2014), domestic violence is defined as a pattern of abusive behavior in any relationship. Domestic violence can happen in the form of physical abuse, sexual, emotional, or psychological abuse. It can happen to anyone, regardless of their race or gender. Domestic violence is often life threatening for many women. Domestic violence results in 1200 deaths and 2 million injuries among women (Baker, Billhardt, Warren, Rollins Glass, 2010). History of domestic violence shows that domestic violence is oneRead MoreDomestic Violence And Violence Against Family Members And Intimate Partners906 Words   |  4 Pagesacts of violence against family members and intimate partners (2015).Data from the 1985 National Family Violence Survey affirmed that one of eight husbands committed at least one violent act towards his wife, and 1.8 million wives were beaten during the year course of the study (Holtzworth-Munroe Stuart, 1994). The Bureau of Justice (2015) defines domestic violence as â€Å"violence between married spouses, but can include cohabitants, unmarried intimate partners and family members†. Domestic violenceRead MoreEssay on Domestic Violence and the Effect It Has on Family1582 Words   |  7 PagesDomestic violence is a violent confrontation between family or household members involving physical harm, sexual assault, or fear of physical harm (Stewart Croudep, 1998-2012). In most places domestic violence i s looked on as one of the higher priorities when trying to stop crime. Domestic Violence cases are thought to be influenced by the use of alcohol, drugs, stress or anger but in reality, they are just learned behaviors by the batterer. These habits can be stopped as long as one seeks help

Finance Financial Performance Measures and Value Creation

Question: Discuss about theFinance: Financial Performance Measures and Value Creation. Answer: Introduction: Evaluation of Green REIT Activities of Green REIT There are various Green REITs across the world. However, in this assignment the Green REIT Plc of Ireland has been selected for analyzing its activities, financing model, government rules and regulations and effect of environmental and social criteria on the firm. The Green REIT Plc is an Irish real estate investment trust that is enlisted on both the Irish and London Stock Exchange. Green REIT Plc is an organization that finances or owns income-producing real estate. This system of investment has been structured rightly after the system of mutual funds. As per the similar strategy of the mutual funds, the REITs give its investors various kinds of regular income streams, long-term capital appreciation and diversification[1]. The particular organization generally pays out all of its income that is taxable as dividends to the shareholders of the firm. In turn of this, the shareholders compensate the income taxes on these dividends. The Green REIT Plc allow every investor to invest in t he portfolios of the large scale properties in a similar way in which they invest in the other sectors by purchasing the stocks. In the similar manner, the shareholders get benefited in case of investing in Green REIT Plc by purchasing shares in various different companies. Thus, the Green REIT Plcs shareholders generally receive the share of the produced income by the investment in the real estate without buying or financing property in real[2]. Financing Model The financing model of the Green REIT Plc is of unique nature. It can be said that the financing model of the investment in the Green REIT Plc are similar to the investment strategy in the mutual fund. It has been found that the Green REIT plc is operated on the main stock exchanges. Most importantly, REITs are of two kinds Mortgage REITs and Equity REITs. The equity REITs help in generating returns by the process of collecting the rent by selling the properties which they purchase with the aim of long-run investment. In addition to this, investment in the mortgage securities and mortgages that are related to the commercial and residential properties are termed as mortgage REITs. Government Programs and Regulations Used to Complement its Financial Performance Green REIT plcs operations are composed of both domestic and international laws and governmental regulations that are related to land use, property, safety and health requirements, zoning, development and environmental compliance[3]. Metrics Used to Measure Environmental and Social Impact of Green REIT Plc The laws and regulations of the Green REIT plc regarding environmental and social impact are amended over time. The liabilities might result into significant removal, investigation or remediation costs despite of whether the firm Green REIT Plc caused the contamination or other hazards of environment. The environmental regulations and laws of the company Green REIT Plc. limit the development of and also impose liability for the interruption of the habitats or wetlands of the endangered or threatened species. The particular company has various impacts on the environment and social. It can be measured through survey, the benefit that is received by the public and the maintenance of the health of the public. In addition to this the viewpoint of the society also helps to measure the environmental and social impact of Green REIT Plc. Expected Impact of the Environmental and Social Criteria on Financial Performance For Green REIT plc, leasing properties those containing storage tanks for storage of toxic or hazardous substances to tenants those are associated with commercial and manufacturing activities will increase the risk of liabilities as per environmental laws and regulations[4]. However, if the firm Green REIT Plc is exposed to environmental liabilities then the environmental laws and regulations might have a negative impact on the financial performance of the firm along with business prospects. Information on Actual Financial Performance of the REIT Nowadays, the Green REIT plc is associated with most of the aspects that are related with the economy. These include hotels, hospitals, infrastructure, industrial amenities, apartments, offices, shopping malls, student housing, storage centers, nursing homes and timberlands. Thus, the actual financial performance of the Green REIT plc is continuously growing with the development and popularity of the REIT investment among the investors. References 'Green REIT PLC' (Green REIT PLC, 2016) https://www.greenreitplc.com/ accessed 23 June 2016 'IRIS Metrics | IRIS' (Iris.thegiin.org, 2016) https://iris.thegiin.org/metrics accessed 23 June 2016 Venanzi D,Financial Performance Measures And Value Creation(Springer 2012) 'What Is A REIT? | NAREIT' (REIT.com, 2016) https://www.reit.com/investing/reit-basics/what-reit accessed 23 June 2016

Cxc Integrated Science Paper free essay sample

Light energy is converted to another type of energy when green plants make food, (i) What kind of energy is stored in this food? 1;Li (ii) 4-__ (imark) What substance is combined with carbon dioxide during photosynthesis? dthc (b) mar) Describe bow plants and animals may become fossil fuels. Z___iL â‚ ¬Jrr iW. Ld urthr — (c) Country X is a flat, tropical island, The electricity generating company in Country X uses a petroleumbased fuel. Name TWO alternative sources of energy that can be used for electricity generation in this country. (i) (1 mark) (ii) 1 mark) (d) For EACH alternative source named in (c) above, gie ONE disadvantage which may cause the electricity generating company to resist using the alternative source of energy dcntified I ua - (1 mark) urtcin 4 jQ-LtIL 7/1/LI (e) Recently, many used (pre-owned) vehicles have been imported from Japan and the United States into the Caribbean. This has resulted in an increase in the number of vehicles on the roads and increased amounts of carbon dioxide in the air. (i) Name TWO other pollutants which are being added to the atmosphere because of the increase in the number of vehicles. w pitd. (ii) ether ftcu-t !tL_j-A1r .uwIuuii. ,ri-Gn flW1L (2 marks) 4LcvLA1 State ONE negative effect of ONE of the pollutants named in (e) (i) above, on the environment. iihhtuU d1LLt1 At I 11H1 L1U1 UCLftfl 4 j-t (I (1 mark) (iii) Suggest TWO negative effects of increased levels of carbon dioxide on the Caribbean environment. 1)tL wJ fl- ;th(? ,1t-ubatcL ktL jwkAtUl t 11t cfttk. U (U5W jt . urnkrit (2 marks) iUi4L (iv) What are TWO possible effects of increased levels of air pollution on the health of Caribbean people? (i. Tflx4k.. r oxUt wtItT ai arv ict 9 ,tanar marks) LLUit jitt ctuu4 1 k:) tPiI )Li i.. j_JL)4 -’ (0 There have been serious concerns about the build-up of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere in recent years. Table 1 provides data about carbon dioxide emissions by China and the United States. TABLE 1: AMOUNT OF CARBON DIOXII)E EMITTED BY CHI NA AND TI{E UNITED STATES FROM 1968 TO 2008 Carbon Dioxide Emission (in billion tonnes) by Year 1968 1973 1. 1 5. 2 1978 1. 5 5. 3 1983 1. 6 4. 8 1988 2. 4 5,4 1993 2. 9 5. 7 1998 3. 3 6. 2 2003 4. 3 6. 4 2008 6. 6. 4 China USA 0. 7 4. 3 (Data modified from BPp,lc. ) (i) Figure 1 on page 5 shows the data for USA. On the same grid, using the scales provided, plot a graph to represent the data for China. (5 marks) Label the axes on the graph. State an appropriate title for the graph, (1 mark) (ii) (iii) hiun th Ojpc cnu ef i1i,fl doxde n*e (1 mark) (iv) During which period was there a DECREASE in the amount of carbon dioxide emitted by the USA? (lmark) (v) In which year did China emit the same amount of carbon dioxide as the United States? n. (vi) ‘ 1 mark) Based on the trends in the graphs. which country would produce more carbon dioxide in 2010? (1 mark) Total 25 marks 01230020/F 2011 Carho,i /Di)i)/5J p z ‘-I ii 2 SECTION A Answer ALL FOUR questions. I. (a) Light energy is converted to another type of energy when green plants make food. (i) What kind of energy is stored in this food? ( 9 I\ ,1 . (ii) What substance is combined with carbon dioxide during photosynthesis? (1 mark) (b) Describe how plants and animals may become fossil fuels. Qj ‘t JJjJ (2 marks) (c) Country X i s a flat, tropical island. The electricity generating company in Country X uses a petroleum-based fuel. Name TWO alternative sources of energy that can be used for electricity generation in this country. (i) (1 mark) (ii) (1 mark) (d) For EACH alternative source named in (c) above, give ONE disadvantage which may cause the electricity generating company to re 1st using the alternative sour e of en rgy identif ed (1) (ii) )/ 11/-cJ 4 5i / (Imark) GO uN iO HE NEXI PAGE -3- (e) Recently, many used (pre-owned) vehicles have been imported from Japan an the United States into the Caribbean. This has resulted in an increase in the number of vehici s on the roads and increased amounts of carbon dioxide in the air. (i) Name TWO other pollutants which are being added to the atmosphere because of the increase in the number of vehicles. (2 marks) (ii) State ONE negative effect of ONE of the pollutants named in (e) (i) above, on the environment. (1 mark) (iii) Suggest TWO negative effects of increased levels of carbon dioxide on the Caribbean environment. 11/ %4 0 h 4 d 7AtJ1 (iv) What are TWO possible effects of increased levels of air pollution on the health of Caribbean people? 2 marks) ____ _ (f) There have been serious concerns about the build-up of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere in recent years. Table 1 provides data about carbon dioxide emissions by China and the United States. TABLE 1: AMOUNT OF CARBON DIOXIDE EMITTED BY CHINA AND THE UNITED STATES FROM 1968 TO 2008 Carbon Dioxide Emission (in billion tonnes) by Year 1968 1973 1978 1. 5 5. 3 1983 1. 6 1988 1993 1998 2003 2008 China USA 0. 7 4. 3 1. 1 5. 2 2. 4 5. 4 2. 9 5. 7 3. 3 6. 2 4. 3 6. 4 6. 9 6. 4 4. 8 (Data modfiedfrom BPp. Lc. ) (i) Figure 1 on page 5 shows the data for USA. On the same grid, using the scales provided, plot a graph to represent the data for China. (5 marks) Label the axes on the graph. State an appropriate title for the graph. bittitA w4Lk (A4 (ii) (iii) (1 mark) k\4 ed ii,’vt Iii,A t9* ct (1 mark) (iv) During which period was there a DECREASE in the amount of carbon dioxide emitted by the USA? (v) In which year did China emit the same amount of carbon dioxide as the United States? 7a7 (1 mark) (vi) Based on the trends in the graphs. which country would produce more carbon dinde in 2010? 1 mark) Total 25 marks 01230020’Y 2011 U C C H t4 C C C C C C C C C C -4 -4 ‘C C C 00 -4 ‘0 cc -4 a 1 -4 -a cc ‘C n Lb -t C -4 cr z 00 cc ‘C C a a B -4 CM cc ‘C ‘C c_c C ccl I’ C C 00 2’ C’ 2’ a’ -4 cc C ccc \ SECTION A Answer ALL FOUR questions. 1. (a) Light energy is converted to another type of energy when green plants make food, (i) What kind of energy is stored in t his food? c (1 mark) (ii) What substance is combined with carbon dioxide during photosynthesis? (1 mark) (b) Describe how plants and animals may become fossil fuels. ciY\- cLid ix rnLA I ,Lt -*l ( p j fy-ez Lo (2 marks) (c) Country X is a flat, tropical island. The electricity generating company in Country X uses a petroleum-based fuel. Name TWO alternative sources of energy that can be used for electricity generation in this country. (i) (1 mark) (ii) (1 mark) (d) For EACH alternative source named in (c above, give ONE disadvantage which ma cause the electricity generating company to resist using the alternative source of energy identified. (i) j -utL Ii (1 mark) a _rr ,hci J. (1 vi rk) (e) Recently, many used (preowned) vehicles have been imported from Japan and the United States into the Caribbean. This has resulted in an increase in the number of vehicles on the roads and increased amounts of carbon dioxide in the air. (i) Name TWO other pollutants which are being added to the atmosphere because of the increase in the number of vehicles. (ii) State ONE negative effect of ONE of the pollutants named in (e) (i) above, on the environment, Xc (iii) ,-,-. cccL ci- ,44o ZTZEE (1 mark) Suggest TWO negative effects of increased levels of carbon dioxide on the Caribbean environment. Lccci (iv) L What are TWO possible effects of increased levels of air pollution on the health of Caribbean people? (2 marks) (f) There have been serious concerns about the bui1dup of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere in recent years. Table 1 provides data about carbon dioxide emissions by China and the United States. TABLE 1: AMOUNT OF CARBON DIOXIDE EMITTED BY CifiNA AND THE UNITED STATES FROM 196 8 TO 2008 Carbon Dioxide Emission (in biffion tonnes) by Year 1968 1973 1. 1 1978 1. 5 1983 1. 6 1988 1993 2. 9 1998 2003 2008 China USA 0. 7 4. 3 2. 4 5. 4 3. 6. 2 4,3 6. 4 6. 9 6. 4 5. 2 5. 3 4. 8 5. 7 (Data modified from BFp. l. c. ) (i) Figure 1 on page 5 shows the data for USA. On the same grid, using the scales provided, plot a graph to represent the data for China. (5 marks) Label the axes on the graph. State an appropriate title for the graph. (1 mark) (ii) (iii) Q (iv) .r.. ’.. o. ii W’Jt 4 c. , tq. . cri mark) During which period was there a DECREASE in the amount of carbon dioxide emitted by the USA? (1 mark) (v) In which year did China emit the same amount of carbon dioxide as the United States? imark) (vi) Based on the trends in the graphs. which country would produce more carbon dioxide in 2010? (1 mark) Total 25 marks 10. 0 :t eZO 9. 0 8. 0 7. 0 6. 0 5. 0 4. 0 3. 0 2. 0 0. 0 1958 1968 1978 e x 1988 S 1998 2008 2013 arboi i nus ( )N TO T FXI Integrated Science Paper 02—June2011 Comments Question 1: Exemplar 1. 2 and 3 Part (a) These candidates were awarded full marks for this part of the question because the candidates clearly stated the type of energy present as required in (i) and correctly named the substance which combines with carbon dioxide uring photosynthesis. These candidates were awarded full marks for this part of the question because the candidates were able to use appropriate scientific terminology and to provide adequate detail to completely answer the question. In addition, the responses were clear. These candidates were awarded full marks for this part because the candidates correctly named the alternative sources of energy. These candidates were awarded full marks for this part because the candidates were able to clearly state appropriate disadvantages of the named alternative sources of energy. These candidates were awarded full marks for this part because the candidates had a comprehensive grasp of pollution, pollutants and their negative impact as required by the syllabus. These candidates were awarded full marks for this part as the candidates clean v demonstrated the ability to construct, label and analyze graphs For sections (i) to (iii) the points were plotted correctly and smooth lines drawn throuch them. the axes were labelled correctly and an appropriate title stated: for sections (iv) to (vi), the candidates were able to correctly extract information from the graph. Part (b) Part (c) Part (d) Part (e) Part (t

Thomas Jefferson Essays (1088 words) - Thomas Jefferson,

Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson Thomas Jefferson is remembered in history not only for the offices he held, but also for his belief in the natural rights of man as expressed in the Declaration of Independence and his faith in the people's ability to govern themselves. He left an impact on his times equaled by few others in American history. Born on April 13, 1743, Jefferson was the third child in the family and grew up with six sisters and one brother. Though he opposed slavery, his family had owned slaves. From his father and his environment he developed an interest in botany, geology, cartography, and North American exploration, and from his childhood teacher developed a love for Greek and Latin. In 1760, at the age of 16, Jefferson entered the College of William and Mary and studied under William Small and George Wythe. Through Small, he got his first views of the expansion of science and of the system of things in which we are placed. Through Small and Wythe, Jefferson became acquainted with Governor Francis Fauquier. After finishing college in 1762, Jefferson studied law with Wythe and noticed growing tension between America and Great Britain. Jefferson was admitted to the bar in 1767. He successfully practiced law until public service occupied most of his time. At his home in Shadwell, he designed and supervised the building of his home, Monticello, on a nearby hill. He was elected to the Virginia House of Burgesses in 1769. Jefferson met Martha Wayles Skelton, a wealthy widow of 23, in 1770 and married her in 1772. They settled in Monticello and had one son and five daughters. Only two of his children, Martha and Mary, survived until maturity. Mrs. Martha Jefferson died in 1782, leaving Thomas to take care of his two remaining children. Though not very articulate, Jefferson proved to be an able writer of laws and resolutions he was very concise and straight to the point. Jefferson soon became a member in a group which opposed and took action in the disputes between Britain and the colonies. Together with other patriots, the group met in the Apollo Room of Williamsburg's famous Raleigh Tavern in 1769 and formed a nonimportation agreement against Britain, vowing not to pay import duties imposed by the Townshend Acts. After a period of calmness, problems faced the colonists again, forcing Jefferson to organize another nonimportation agreement and calling the colonies together to protest. He was chosen to represent Albermarle County at the First Virginia Convention, where delegates were elected to the First Continental Congress. He became ill and was unable to attend the meeting, but forwarded a message arguing that the British Parliament had no control over the colonies. He also mentioned the Saxons who had settled in England hundred of years before from Germany and how Parliament had no more right to govern the colonies than the Germans had to govern the English. Most Virginians saw this as too extreme, though. His views were printed in a pamphlet called A Summary of the Rights of British America (1774). Jefferson attended the Second Virginia Convention in 1775 and was chosen as one of the delegates to the Second Continental Congress, but before he left for Philadelphia, he was asked by the Virginia Assembly to reply to Lord North's message of peace, proposing that Parliament would not try to tax the settlers if they would tax themselves. Jefferson's "Reply to Lord North" was more moderate that the Summary View. Instead of agreeing with Lord North, Jefferson insisted that a government had been set up for the Americans and not for the British. The Declaration of Independence was primarily written by Jefferson in June 1776. Congress felt that the Declaration was too strong and gave Dickinson the responsibility of redrafting the document, but the new version included much of Jefferson's original text and ideas. In 1779, Jefferson became governor of Virginia, guiding Virginians through the final years of the Revolutionary War. As a member of the Second Continental Congress, he drafted a plan for decimal coinage and composed an ordinance for the Northwest Territory that formed the foundation for the Ordinance of 1787. In 1785, he became minister to France. Appointed secretary of state in President Washington's Cabinet in 1790, Jefferson defended local interests against Alexander Hamilton's policies and led a group called the Republicans. He was elected vice-president in 1796 and protested the enactment of the Alien and Sedition Acts by writing The Kentucky Resolutions. In 1800, the Republicans nominated Jefferson for president and Aaron Burr (A Buh. hahaha) for vice-president. Federalists had nominated John Adams for president and

How to Write a High School Summer Research Essay Sample

How to Write a High School Summer Research Essay SampleHigh school summer research essay is very common for students. Most of the schools use this as a part of their curriculum. Most students face difficulties while writing the essay because they are already exhausted and sometimes they may get tempted to ask for help. If you want to avoid that, you need to prepare your essay well and get some knowledge regarding this topic.If you want to write a summer research essay, then you must follow a proper research method. These essays can be very useful for both professors and teachers. This will help the professor to understand what the student is going through during his/her project. Even though students must write an essay on their own, but a good writer will give more value to it.In the beginning, a research essay is just like any other kind of composition. Students must make a starting point, develop it to a better plan, and finally analyze the information for it to be coherent. You ca n also make use of these different approaches to make your essay a great one.Before writing a research paper, you must have a thorough research about the topic. Do not hesitate to ask any question or for clarification if needed. Doing this will help the student to get a better idea of the topic which will guide him/her in the proper research and writing process.The research paper should also contain a compelling premise. It should show the purpose of the research. The content of the essay must also be clear and appealing. Many times students do not know what type of a topic to write on. It is a good idea to first narrow down the topic to make sure that you will be able to write the essay on it.Make sure that the research paper does not contain any errors. It must be error free and be understandable. Many times students face difficulties when writing the research papers.If you want to produce the best essay, you need to choose a research essay sample that will be helpful for you. Mos t of the time, students prefer to use writing samples that are related to the subject of the essay. This will help them understand what they are writing.There are many other factors to consider while preparing the research paper. You can consult your teacher for any important tips and information that will help you complete your project. Moreover, make sure that you provide yourself enough time to prepare for your assignment.

History of the Vaganova ballet method essays

History of the Vaganova ballet method essays Since as early as 1738, when Empress Anna Ivanovna begin the first ballet school in Russia, the Imperial Theatre School on Theatre Street in St. Petersburg,1 Russia and ballet have been synonymous with the ultimate in beauty and discipline. In the beginning, only the children of select servants would have the opportunity to learn to dance. In 1773, another school emerged in Moscow, attached to an orphanage. The school on Theatre Street evolved into what is today known as the Vaganova Choreographic Institute, named after its famous teacher, Agrippina Vaganova. The orphanage school has become the Bolshoi Ballet Academy. Both schools are considered to be among the top ballet schools in the world and graduates of these schools can be found dancing in some of the most selective companies worldwide; including the famous Kirov/Mariinsky Ballet and the grand Bolshoi Ballet, as well other prestigious companies including the Royal Ballet, American Ballet Theater, New York City Ballet, Boston Ballet, Australian Ballet, and many others. In the words of Princess Grace of Monaco, herself a graduate of the Vaganova Choreographic Institute, To be a dancer in Russia means a chance for honor, a wider life, and perhaps a place in history.2 Despite being state funded, the Vaganova Choreographic Institute rarely reflected the political tensions or problems present in Russia or later in the USSR. Through over 200 years, no matter what wars or famines raged outside, the children of the Imperial Ballet School have been fed well and kept warm. From the beginning they were taught to read and write, later they learned french and math and how to play musical instruments3 The students of the school were always cared for and looked after. Ranging in age from eight to sixteen, they spent all but eight weeks a year at the school for eight years of their lives. The school, its teachers, and its students became family for the children. At ti...

Meaning of the The Handsomest Drowned Man In The World Essay

Meaning of the The Handsomest Drowned Man In The World - Essay Example Marquez has effectively used this story to explain how the arrival of a dead body on the beach of a small village stimulates the aesthetic and creative senses of the inhabitants of those village. This means that the washed up man had the qualities of a hero due to which the villagers get inspired by his beauty so much that they decide to restore their houses, build up their village, and demand beauty themselves. The story tells how a drowned man who was once hidden and nothing to world, ultimately inspires an entire village to live creatively and strive for a better life. The story is basically about a man who drowns in the water owing to ill fate, dies, and later his seaweed covered body appears on the beach of a small village. Initially, the children play with the poor corpse until the elders find the body and decide to give him a proper funeral after which the body must be thrown into the sea, as a custom. This man is named Esteban by the villagers later, who appear to be excessiv ely awed and astounded by Esteban’s manly features and overwhelming perfection of face. Even the villagers’ wives take a liking to the beauty of Esteban’s body and start comparing his beauty with their husbands’, due to which the men show disapproval for the mysterious man.

Streaming DVDs via NBN project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Streaming DVDs via NBN project - Assignment Example The aim of this report is to present the (DVD streaming service) via the National Broadband Network NBN in the library. It is to be noted that the target audience are individual users such as the library patrons. The project shall further take into consideration the overall project plan, the potential benefits that can be obtained from implementing the plan, the target audience for the new service, the stakeholders and the resource requirements. It shall also consider the impact of new service on current library service. Table of Contents 1 Executive Summary 2 3 Project Plan 4 Project Initiation 4 Accessing the DVDs Streaming Permission 4 Availing Permission 5 Selection of Name 5 Planning For Interactivity 5 Estimate Labour Cost 5 Look For Employee 6 Planning For Guidelines 6 Adding To Library Pamphlet 6 Advertisement 6 Link to Service Library 6 Send Email for Library Membership 7 Introducing the Service to the Market 7 Potential Benefits 7 Target Audience 9 Stakeholders 9 Anticipate d Resourcing Requirement 10 Impact on Current Library Services 11 Issues/ Areas for Further Exploration 12 Conclusion 13 References 14 Task List 16 Appendix B 17 CIPP Framework 17 Project Plan Project Initiation Preparation of the project plan involves considerable efforts and decision making capabilities so that the project can be completed and executed successfully. The National Broadband Network (NBN) is considered to be one of the Australia’s first speed internet services, which includes three technologies such as optic fibre, satellite and fixed wireless (Media Access Australia, 2011). It has been recognised from the case study that the Department of Broadband, Communication and the Digital Economy offered funds so that it can extend the Digital Enterprise and Digital Communities initiatives. After the creation of the National Broadband Network, it will be significant for the service provision agencies to initiate to identify the ways in which they can exploit the increa se bandwidth as well as connectivity that the network is capable of providing. It can be mentioned NBN is linked to the libraries. The project aims at identifying the ways of involving with the NBN in order to improve the services offered to the users. Accessing the DVDs Streaming Permission Through public libraries the members are capable of accessing a variety of services as well as programs. It has been identified that the DVDs are considered as one of the topmost formats for movies and most of the users consider libraries to be the main source for movies. Hence, in light of the altering media landscape there is greater demand for the DVD streaming services by the individual users (Swank, 2012). A wide range of services that the libraries offer can gain advantage from the use of NBN services such as computer as well as internet class, story time along with author events. The main idea of this project is to make use of NBN so that the library services, in particular, DVD service c an be supported (Alemna & Adanu, 2005). Availing Permission It is significant to avail the permission

Comparasion & Contract Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Comparasion & Contract - Essay Example Ventura approaches the life changer concept from an eight year old point of view. In this way, he brings out the theme of a life changing aspect from a Childs point of view. This shows a period of heroic struggle which produced political ideals and many historical events that have added essence to literature as an art work. The author opens up a whole new world that awaits discovery, a place where experience and magic is captured in words and expressions. Shape changer is therefore an expression of art in different ways and forms. It is not only a beautiful aspect or prospect of life but also a truth that reflects important qualities in the world. It is important to note the very essence of human beings and races can be reflected in challenges and life’s lessons. This is clearly seen in the quote â€Å"Thank you mama. You taught me how compatible it is to play it safe, but the lesson wasn’t in cruelty of the loss; it was in the dignity of the risk† (Ventura, Part 1.pg.2). This quote clearly shows the lessons and impact of the same that has never lost its essence and beauty. However, the burden of pain and cruelty cannot be ignored. The life the Americans were used to was a life full of storms, struggle, cruelty, risks and a country that was terrorized by or with racism, impunity and hypocrisy. Therefore, Ventura’s shape changing roots or stem is derived from an unstable and cruel aspect that attracted injustice, loss and sadness. However, these events also helped to change the young generation’s character and life’s. This is clearly brought out from the quote â€Å"How many children have sat like I did, with one of their parents taken† (Ventura, Part 1,pg.3) Additionally, the quote â€Å" you share my pride at how hard we are to kill† (Ventura, Part 1, pg3) clearly shows how the experiences have changed their lives. It is important to note that in every high culture literary genre

The Watergate Scandal Essay -- Papers History USA Government Corrupt E

The Watergate Scandal The mistrust most Americans feel toward the government officials and political parities of today can be traced back to the Watergate scandal of 1972, which led to the resignation of an American president. The crimes of the Watergate scandal included political burglary, bribery, extortion, wiretapping (phone tapping), conspiracy, obstruction of justice, destruction of evidence, tax fraud, illegal use of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and the Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI), illegal campaign contributions, and use of taxpayers' money for private purposes. On June 17, 1972, five men were arrested at 2:30 a.m. They were caught trying to "bug" the offices of the Democratic National Committee at the Watergate hotel and office complex in Washington D.C. When the police caught the men, they were in the office of Larry O'Brien. He was chairman of the Democratic National Committee, whose job was to aid political candidates in the Democratic party get elected. In 1972, O'Brien's main priority was to help the Democratic candidate for president, Senator George McGovern. The five men, who were arrested, were identified the next morning by two lawyers as, James W. McCord, Jr., Bernard L. Barker, Frank A. Sturgis, Virgilro R. Gonzalez, and Eugenio R. Martinez. Reporters and politicians were interested in this case because they found out that McCord was a former member of the CIA. Its agents are not permitted to spy on Americans. Not only was he a former member of the CIA, but now he worked for the Committee for the Re-election of the presi dent, or CRP. This Republican group was formed to help President Richard M. Nixon win a second term in office. Referring to G. Gordon Liddy, John M... ...at: "I shall resign presidency effective at noon tomorrow." (What Was Watergate? by: Pamela Kilian ) Gerald Ford was sworn in as president of the United States the next day. Watergate was not just a "third-rate burglary," as Nixon called it. It was much more. It led to many heinous crimes. It contributed many words and phrases to our present-day vocabulary. Because of this scandal, the suffix "-gate" will now be acquainted with every Washington mishap. Because of this scandal people look at government officials differently today than they did before 1970. Bibliography: What Was Watergate by: Pamela Kilian Internet: http://www.chron.com/content/interactive/special/watergate/chronology.html http://www.chron,com/cgi-bin/auth/story/c...t/chronicle/editorial/97/06/20/edit2.html http://www.netspace.net.au/~malcolm/wgate/intro.htm

Pv Trade War Between the Us and China

Introduction International trade and competitive advantages in the costs of production in China have brought numerous opportunities for China’s exports but also generated challenges due to protectionism from its foreign competitors. Consequently, there have been numerous trade cases against China, including anti-dumping, anti-subsidy, in many economic sectors. The very current trade case involving China is the US accusing Chinese manufacturers of dumping photovoltaic (PV) panels in the US market and the Chinese government unfairly subsidizing its own solar industry.In fact, the US’s trade balances in polysilicon products between both the US and China, and the US and the world significantly deficit while China’s polysilicon cells and modules production has increased dramatically (The Kearney Alliance 2012). This essay claims that, the surge in PV exports does not necessarily mean that the Chinese government has subsidized its PV manufacturers illegally, and Chines e solar manufacturers’ low prices do not necessarily imply they are selling their PV products below the cost of production.Importantly, imposing such significant imports tariff is highly likely to undermine not only the bilateral trade between two countries but also long-term benefits of both countries. First, this essay provides an overview of the US-China PV trade case; then explains why China solar industry has been growing dramatically; and finally it analyses what the consequences might be if the US imposes a countervailing and antidumping tariff on China’s PV. BackgroundOn October 2011, seven US-based PV manufacturers headed by SolarWorld Industries America reported China on a double-anti case to US Department of Commerce (DOC) and US International Trade Organization (ITO). The seven manufacturers, which later formed Coalition for American Solar Manufacturing (CASM), accused China for dumping their PV module products to US market and giving a huge amount of expor t subsidy to this industry which in turn causing severe injuries to US PV manufacturers.Several investigations have been carried out by both DOC and ITC for this issue, as the coalition accused China government providing cash grants, heavily discounted resources, huge loans and credits, tax exemption, incentives and rebate and export grant insurance to the industry. In its final determination held on 10 October 2012, DOC proposed 18. 32 per cent to 249. 96 per cent of anti-dumping and 14. 78 per cent to 15. 97 per cent of countervailing duty.Further actions, including issuing or not issuing anti-dumping and countervailing duty orders, will be made after ITC final determination (US DOC 2012). Photovoltaic industry is a new emerging industry as a response to the threat of energy shortage and environmentally-unfriendly fossil fuel-based energy. Governments issued supportive policies, including giving significant account of subsidy considering higher production cost of this new energy i ndustry compared to that of conventional one.In case of China, the country issued a PV market policy in 2007 that included deployment, investment and research and development supports under the scheme of middle and long term program of renewable energy development set by National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) targeting the energy of 300MWp by 2010 and 1. 8 GWp by 2020 of PV cells installed (Grau et al. 2011). This policy and its comparative advantage on labors result in excessive growth of China PV industries, making China’s world market share skyrocketing from 1 per cent in 2001, 5 per cent in 2005 to 50 per cent in 2010.In 2012, four of the top five PV producers are Chinese overtaking US manufacturers which occupy 27 per cent in 2006, decreased to 5 per cent in 2010 of the total world share (The Kearney Alliance 2012). Why has China’s PV grown so big so fast? There are a number of reasons why the PV industry in China has experienced tremendous growth withi n a short span of time. For instance, China produced about 1 per cent of the world’s solar cells in 2001, and by 2010 it produced nearly almost half (The Kearney Alliance 2012).The same rate of growth was achieved by Japan and Germany during their PV industry expansion; however the key difference is it took them twice as long (The Kearney Alliance 2012). First, such fast paced growth would not be possible without assistance from the government. The Chinese government has been providing many different kinds of assistance to the manufacturers to promote the growth of the PV industry in China. The government’s policy to boost the industry came in the form of loans, tax credits and grants.Additionally, some of the resources required for manufacturing of PV cells were subsidized or discounted to encourage manufacturers to produce more. In 2011, the Chinese government initiated a ‘Five-Year Plan’ to induce further growth of the PV industry well into the year 201 5. Second, it is estimated that help from the government allowed some Chinese manufacturers of PV cells to have somewhere between 18-30 per cent cost advantage over their US counterparts (The Kearney Alliance 2012).The government alone is not responsible for the cost advantage enjoyed by the Chinese manufacturers; scale and vertical integration, and labour costs constitute significant part of the cost advantage. The scale and vertical integration of some of the top tier Chinese manufacturers means that they gain cost advantages due economy of scale; larger factories can produce at a lower cost, and additionally they tend to own or control majority of the companies in the supply chain as well as distributions outlets thus allowing them to maximize profit from supply, production and distributions.Moreover, labour costs are relative cheap compared to the US, especially for unskilled labour, where China has approximately 80 per cent labour cost advantage over the US counterparts (The Ke arney Alliance 2012). Third, besides the assistance and cost advantages, some, if not all, Chinese manufacturers tend to offer trade credit, where solar power customers can purchase the panels without having to pay upfront and are given 60 days payment window to complete the deal.This provides tremendous financial benefit to the customers, as they will have some time for installation of the panels without paying upfront for the panels thus the cost of downtime during the installation is not born by the customers. Finally, growth of China’s PV industry is also due to the extreme projected growth of domestic demand. In 2010, Chinese domestic demand for solar power was only 3 per cent of the world’s demand, and by the end 2014 this is expected to increase to 26 per cent (EPIA 2011). Is Chinese government providing illegal subsidies? Are Chinese manufacturers dumping their products on the U.S. market? The US government accuses the Chinese government of providing the export subsidies, which according to WTO rules is illegal. However, the Chinese government claims that the subsidies, grants, loans and discounts given to the manufacturers are intended to promote the solar power industry and make it cost competitive with conventional power sources. It is worth noting that it’s not just Chinese government that provides subsidies, the US also provides substantial subsidies to its solar power industry albeit to a slightly lesser extent and lower amount in dollar terms.For instance, the US government does not provide land grants or discounts, and the total stimulus loan/loan guarantee is only US$1. 3 billion compared to US$30 billion from the Chinese government (Goodrich et al. 2011). The US Department of Commerce accuses Chinese manufacturers of dumping PV cells on the US market. According to the WTO (WTO, 2012), dumping occurs when a company exports a good to foreign market at a price less than the price it normally charges in its domestic market. T he US considers Chinese economy as non-market economy, thus the Chinese domestic price of PV cells cannot be determined directly from the Chinese market.Therefore, third or surrogate country needs to be chosen in order to determine the fair value of Chinese PV cells. The U. S Department of Commerce has chosen Thailand from a list of 6 countries as the surrogate country. This is unlikely to reflect an appropriate normal price for the Chinese PV since the costs of PV production in China is normally lower than those in Thailand. Possible consequences Both sides are currently still waiting for ITC's final determination. If an affirmative determination is made in late November that imports of PV cells from China, no matter being assembled into modules or not, leads to US omestic industry being or is threatened to be materially injured, Commerce will issue the Anti-Dumping and Countervailing duties order. Back when the preliminary determinations was announced earlier this year, in which t he DOC assessed countervailing duties ranging at a lower rate, most Chinese manufacturers breached a sight of relief and continue their business in U. S. as before. However, DOC's final determination assessed significant higher countervailing duties at 14. 78 per cent -15. 24 per cent, comparing to its 2. 9 per cent-4. 3 per cent in the preliminary (US DOC 2012), undoubtedly it will have a severe impact on China's manufacturers and global solar industry. As the subject of DOC and ITC's investigation is PV cells that are manufactured in China, Chinese firms could shift manufacture or directly purchase PV cells from other countries to avoid tariffs on modules made of Chinese cells. An ideal location is Taiwan, which is already a robust solar cell manufacturing market. Although it is 8 per cent higher than using its domestic produced cells, cells made in Taiwan still have a 10-22 per cent cost advantage than the ones in the US (Wesoff 2012).Not to mention its relative closeness to Chin a. However, using PV cells from other countries other than the US and assembles into PV modules is not a proper long-term strategy. The US could also initiate another investigation into Chinese PV modules assembled, using other countries' cells. Thus, this is only a transitional strategy for Chinese manufacturers before China's domestic demand for PV products picks up to ameliorate industry's excessive supply situation. On the other hand, the imposition of high countervailing and anti-dumping duties might also affect the U.S. solar industry. In 2011, manufacturing only contributed 24000, or 24 per cent of the total employment in the solar industry (The Solar Foundation 2011). Punitive tariffs against Chinese cells will lead to a price jump on PV cells and modules in the US market, it causes the cost of solar projects in the US to increase and the implementation and demand for solar products to decline, which ultimately transits into lower employment in other sectors in the PV indust ry. The Coalition for Affordable Solar Energy commissioned a study showing that a 50 er cent tariff will indeed boost employment in the cell and module manufacturing sector. However, this tariff jump would also result in a huge decrease in employment from slowing-down discretionary spending by solar buyers and an overall demand decrease in other sectors in the whole PV industry. The net impact on total employment would be 15 per cent -40 per cent decline in the US PV industry compared to its 2010 numbers (Berkman et al. 2012). This means the resurrection of the US cells and module manufacturers is at the cost of the rest and the vast majority of the US PV industry.Another potential outcome is that Chinese manufacturers could retaliate against imposed tariffs. The US currently still has a huge positive net export of polysilicon and PV manufacturing equipment to China. In 2011, China attributed to around 30 per cent of the US total net exports of polysilicon and 60 per cent of PV capi tal equipment (GTM 2012). To protest against imposed tariffs and duties, Chinese manufactures could ramp up their own production of polysilicon or turn to other countries to fill the gap, effectively cutting out the US firms in the solar supply chain.Conclusion In sum, Governments in most industrial countries including the US and China have been promoting clean energy technology in recent years. Among the world’s solar producers, China’s booming renewable energy industry, especially solar industry has dominated world solar markets and challenges American leadership. President Obama affirmed the US’s concern about clean energy technology: ‘†¦to make sure that we win the competition. I don’t want the new breakthrough technologies and the new manufacturing taking place in China and India’ (Morris et al. 012, p1). Meanwhile the subsidy to energy, including solar industry, has been successful in China (rapidly increase its market share of wor ld polysilicon production), the US policy subsidy on clean energy has not brought any expected result, even failure (i. e. bankruptcy of Solyndra–the California solar firm) (Robert et al. 2010). Trying to protect the domestic solar industry by preventing other country’s polysilicon exports is highly unlikely to be a wise and fair policy.In particular, countervailing and anti-dumping duties would result in a significant decline in exports of polysilicon and PV manufacturing equipment to China as well as a fall in employment. Indeed, China could have several ways rather than bring the case to the WTO in responding to the trade barriers imposed by the US, but what the US needs to consider its long term benefit. The competitive price of Chinese solar as a cheap source of clean energy which potentially enhances the US economic growth, creates jobs for Americans and tackles with climate change.ReferenceBerkman, M, Cameron, L ; Chang, J 2012, ‘The employment impacts of proposed tariffs on Chinese manufactured photovoltaic cells and modules’, The Brattle Group, Washington, D. C. viewed 16 September 2012, . EPIA see European Photovoltaic Industry Association. 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