Drive by daniel pink

The Puzzling Puzzles of Harry Harlow and Edward Deci Drive offers a new way to think about motivation. Most of what businesses, governments, and nonprofit organizations assume about human behavior, particularly about what motivates us, is wrong. Short-term incentives and pay-for-performance schemes come from outdated assumptions that favor external motivations (i. e. , rewards and punishments for behaving a particular way) overintrinsic motivations (i. e. , the Joy that comes from completing a task).Organizations that rely on external rewards and punishments do so at their peril. In two separate studies, psychologists Harry Harlow and Edward Deci found that external motivations negativelyimpacted performance for non-routine tasks. Although Harlow and Deci's results were robust, they were controversial and ignored. In the book, Drive, Dan Pink argues that it's time to get rid of the old operating system and replace it with a more scientifically accurate understanding of human behavior . Drive, is organized into three parts. Part One reveals how external motivations (a. . a. , carrot-and-stick incentives) can do more harm than good, except in tasks that have straightforward solutions and that equire adherence to a simple set of rules. It's time organizations move to a new mindset that embraces what Dan Pink calls Type I behavior (i. e. , behavior fueled by the inherent satisfaction of the task itself). Part Two examines the three building blocks of Type I behavior: autonomy (i. e. , our desire to be self-directed), mastery (i. e. , our urge to make progress and get better at what we do), and purpose (i. e. our yearning to contribute and to be part of something greater than ourselves).

Sustainable Development – Integrated Solution

Biodiversity and conservation aims to establish the multiple values that biodiversity can provide, specifically in nations rich in biodiversity. Conservation is a way forward to develop in environmentally friendly manner and it works on basic concepts of ecosystem resilience and sustainable use. There is a need to strengthen the capacity of marginalized biodiversity managers (for example, local and indigenous communities and traditional farmers) to influence policy, seize political opportunities, and move forward policy debates. Conservation of Biodiversity and other natural resources is not enough to attain the goal of developing sustainable solutions .An integrated approach which incorporates the concepts of conservative and preventive methods is the solution and it can be provided by means of Sustainable development. Integrated Solution – Sustainable development Development is need of every generation but now our present scenario of a global economy & a flat world demands Sustainable development. Sustainable development starts with the idea that the most sustainable aim for all is a better quality of life for everyone, not only now, but for generations to come, so we can say that it reflects the pattern of resource use that aims to meet the human needs while preserving environment in such a way that carrying capacity of natural systems is utilized in an economic manner so that future generations would be able to meet there needs. It is not only about preserving environment but also it focuses on managing natural, social, & produced capital in a prudent manner & it is not recession to to pre-modern lifestyles as understood by many people which is a mis-conception.It is basically resolving conflict between various competing goals & involves simultaneous pursuit of eco-prosperity, environmental quality & social equity. We need to use natural resources at the rate at which they can be replenished within a proper time period, there is a need to change from old centered ways of doing businesses to new approaches that involve cross-sectoral coordination & integration of environmental & social concerns into all development processes. Also there is a need to provide delivery of competitively priced goods & services that satisfy human needs & bring quality of life while progressively reducing ecological impact. Proper legitimate & protected rights are also required to enable effective practice of personal responsibility & development of mechanisms to protect environment. Obstacles to sustainable development – Natural capital may not be substitutable, consumption may be irreversible (e.g. Ecosystem services) & multifunctionality of many natural resources which are difficult to replenish once the systems are degraded highly. What has been done & what can be done now- Today in world, large investments are going on in projects involving renewable resources e.g. – India Renewable Energy Development Agency(IREDA) will be investing US $ 3.39 billion dollars for development of renewable energy sector projects during 11th 5 year plan, Govt. has also formulated National policy on bio fuels. Clinton Climate Initiative (CCI) has signed a memorandum of understanding with Gujarat government for setting up 5 solar parks. Similar initiatives are also going on in various nations but along with this there is a need for a Sustainable Business Model which not involves mass consumption & mass disposal models, which focuses on developing technologies to improve environmental conservation features of products, facilitate application of such features, as well as technology for innovative manufacturing processes that require less energy & this type of business model is required in every nation whether it is developed or developing but developed nations should work in this regards first as they have enough resource & capital to develop such technologies. Many small initiatives can be proved very helpful in sustainable development if implied in a nation – Buy fresh food rather than processed food(low carbon), develop retail stores in which solar roof tops are there, managing livestock operations in a prudent manner & reducing energy consumption there, developing & promoting products which can be recycled easily & developing software’s which can be updated easily etc. Many such initiatives can help a lot in sustainable development but a proper Sustainable Business Model is need of today for every organisation(profit or non-profit) in every nation.

Filing Jointly Financing phase 5 IP Final Essay

Filing Jointly Financing phase 5 IP Final - Essay Example It is only applicable for first and second home, not for afterwards. The tax benefit from this deduction is that if one is paying interest on loans which are secured by their residence as principal, then the person can deduct this expense from the taxable income. 3. Student Loan Interest Deduction: student loan deduction covers the interest expense of the loans that have been taking to be only used for attainment of education. If your income and interest payments meet the conditions set in the deduction form, then you are able to deduct the expense form your income, thus saving a certain amount of taxes. 1. Child Credit: child credit reduces the tax liability of a person if he/she is supporting a child, and the person's income and other requirements as given in the child credit form are fulfilled. The child credit can make the tax liability zero or can even result in payment if the income tax is less than the child credit refund (known as additional child tax credit). The tax advantage for this system is that it works to increase your net income through refund gained. 2. Earned Income Credit: earned income credit is for those families who have low gross incomes (lower than a certain limit), and with a high number of dependents. If a family meets the requirements of this credit, than its tax liability can be reduced to zero, or can even result in a payment to the family if the tax refund s larger than the income tax (known as advanced earned income tax credit). This system also increases your net income. 3. Hope Scholarship Credit: hope credit can be claimed by an individual for the first two years of college education. The requirements that the person or any other person (for which the taxpayer is responsible) is at least a half time student at an eligible educational institution. This credit is taken on only tuition fees and any other college requirement fees (registration fees, lab fees etc.). Books and supplies are not included. This tax credit also increases the net income of the person who is paying for the education (tax information for individuals, 2009). Difference between a Tax Credit and a Tax Deduction A tax deduction has the primary purpose of reducing a taxpayer's income tax. For certain itemized item, a taxpayer is allowed to deduct the expenses from its gross income. This can only be done if the requirements of deductions as stated by the Internal Revenue Service of USA are met. The effect of deducting the expenses from the gross income is that the net income is calculated to be mush smaller than it actually is. This allows for smaller amount of income tax to be paid by the taxpayer. Thus the amount of taxes is reduced. Some examples of tax deduction are medical deduction, home interest deduction, dental deduction etc. As opposed to tax deduction, a tax credit does not reduce the net income. Rather, it works in two ways. One, it reduces the tax liability on certain items by recognizing a part of the payment already made as tax payment due. Two, it recognizes certain items as such on which the taxpayer is refunded, if the requirement of tax credit are met by the taxpayer. If the income tax is greater than the tax

Boundary-Less Company Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Boundary-Less Company - Case Study Example The application of change management in the company can lead to resistance to employees. Motivation is an important factor that can encourage and influence employees to be efficient and enthusiastic. Some of the staffs that are working at Siemens thrive on responding to challenges and prosper on the problem-solving part. The employees of the company feel valued and believe that they are provided opportunity and motivation to be imaginative. An extraordinary level of performance culture can exist in the organization when every member value contribution of each other and share the same vision and trust. According to Klaus Kleinfeld, CEO of Siemens, the overall operations of Siemens is based on high-performance team culture. Moreover, Kleinfeld also believes that the valuable resource of the company is the quality of teams and people who are rightly involved in the part of success. The success of the business is dependent upon the performance of the total organization, teams, and each individual. The performance and productivity of the organization can be dependent upon leadership style and application of effective leadership strategy. This prime purpose of the paper is to provide a vivid explanation of the performance-based working culture of Siemens. The study of social administrations and organizations such as bureaucracies and businesses is known as the organizational theory. Moreover, it is also studying interrelationship with the background of operation. Furthermore, it also complements the study of organizational behavior, leadership, industrial psychology, human resource studies, and management. The application of organizational theory can create a huge influence on the complete performance of any organization. The role of management is to make resources productive by managing managers, workers, and business.

FASD Professional Handbook Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

FASD Professional Handbook - Research Paper Example FASD is an important preventable cause of intellectual; dysfunction and behavioral problems.This hand-book reviews amongst others current prevalence, clinical features, pathogenesis and differential diagnosis of FASD. It also highlights the need for social workers to beware of the condition. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS), currently considered part of FASD, was first described in 1973.In spite of what has been learned since: a lot of challenges still remain in diagnosis and prevention. My goal is to explore fetal terminology, the effects, prevalence, and prevention of exposure, and identification. I will identify what is known about who is at risk, and with this knowledge social workers should better be able to identify risk pregnancies and alcohol affected individuals and thus identify fetal alcohol exposure early enough. FAS are diagnosed when characteristic facial dysmorphology, poor growth, and central nervous system abnormalities are present, with or without prenatal alcohol exposure. Of importance is the fact that it has been accepted that affected individuals may have some but not all of the FAS characteristics, research has not identified a reliable way of defining those individuals less affected. Fetal Alcohol effects (FAE), Prenatal Alcohol Effects (PAE), Alcohol Related Birth Defects(ARBD), and Alcohol-relate Neurodevelopment Disorder(ARND) have all been suggested as terms identifying those children with a spectrum of problems, but not necessarily FAS. The diagnosis of fetal alcohol effects or ARBD and the estimation of their incidence are more difficult than that of FAS. Importantly, the specifics of the FAS diagnosis for alcohol make it scientifically useful and meaningful. Significantly ARBD and ARND, however are not syndromes in the classic sense, but the presentation of FAS signs indiv idually associated with, but not specific to prenatal alcohol exposure (Kelly, 2000). They can be lower those manifestation of

Summary Of John Heads The Brutal Business of Boxing Essay

Summary Of John Heads The Brutal Business of Boxing - Essay Example of how Ali managed to cover this actual reality into a mirage of entertainment and amusement – ‘ He really did â€Å"float like a butterfly and sting like a bee†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ and ‘His matches seemed more like ballet than boxing’. What Head wants to illustrate through these example is that, people loved enjoyed Ali’s fights so much and were so amused by his athletism that they forgot that it was a FIGHT and the opponent is getting hurt or even injured seriously. In paragraph six , Head says that this business is unforgiving so much so that Ali’ whose reflexes were so fast that they seemed acts of wizardry is now suffering from the after effects of what he endured during his fights in the ring. Although he won and humiliated his opponents but in the end he also is at a stage where The Great and Strong Mohammad Ali has gone weak and whose roars were famous is now only restricted to silent hesitant whispers. From the mighty Head diverts the atten tion towards the defeated Jimmy Garcia who lost his life in this dirty business at the feeble age of 23. In paragraph seven he says that he got pummeled to death so that the audience could get worth of what they paid for. ‘What sets boxing apart is that its one sport in which one scores by injuring other opponent’ Head says while replying to boxing fans who say it is only as dangerous other sports out there. In the end he clearly calls out for banning this sport as its fatal and barbaric while your fighting and even when you quit it. Boxing should be banned as its results for the contenders are horrific. Though during the match only the looser suffers but in the long run every boxer suffers from the after effect of the hits he endured which a normal human body is not designed to resist. It is barbarism in the cover of

Corporate Social Responsibility Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 3

Corporate Social Responsibility - Essay Example In decades, there have been diverse arguments over the corporate social responsibility (Tricker, 1998). The cases against the CSR concept begin with classical economic argument started by Freidman. Freidman holds that management has only one responsibility of maximizing the profits of the shareholders and the owner (Friedman, 1970). He argues that social issues are not a business concern and that the issues should get resolved by free market system unfettered workings. Additionally, the other argument is that business does not have equipment for handling social activities. On the other hand, the argument in favor of the corporate social resource begins with the belief of business’s long-term enlighten self-interest of being socially responsible. The point of view suggests that in order to have a healthy environment for the business in future, the managers should take action now for long-term viability. Additionally, the other argument is that the responsibility wards off the g overnment regulations (Baron, 2013). Therefore, using different corporate social responsibility concepts, this paper will different corporate social responsibility in the two case studies and provide an ethical analysis in each of them. Facebook definition is the online a social networking service that has its headquarters in California. The chief executive officer of the corporation is Mark Zuckerberg. As Facebook turns out to be more synonymous with experience on networks, its shareholders tend to earn more benefits. Facebook has been successful in gaining a greatest share of individual’s attention and time. The customer’s challenge in the coming years is to have that dominance of attention and time to convert into a bigger share for their wallets. Most of the shares they spend indirectly or directly on advertising (Wong, 2014). Being an international brand, the greatest ethical challenge that the company faces is online privacy. Online privacy relies on the

Real Beauty Sketches Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 27

Real Beauty Sketches - Assignment Example Repetitions can either be of identical or almost identical words. The phrase ‘Do you think you are more beautiful than you say† has been repeated severally in this film. The film also ends with a similar phrase, ‘you are more beautiful than you think’. Other words from this film, as used by the strangers depict the principle of binary opposition. Each woman describes themselves in a predominantly negative way. Strangers use different phrases such as ‘protruding jaw’, ‘big forehead’, and ‘rounder face’ to mean one and the same characteristic and to answer to the phrase ‘Tell me about your chin’. Some repetition within this film is essential to the theme of the campaign. ‘you are more beautiful than you think’ has been repeated severally to make it known to the women that they are more beautiful than they think, as depicted from the stranger's views.   The things we hear about us from other people may not be of any importance. Some women described their chin from what they were told for instance, ‘my mom told me I had a big jaw’.

Teacher Attitude Towards Performance Incentives in Georgia Dissertation

Teacher Attitude Towards Performance Incentives in Georgia - Dissertation Example The effectiveness of the teachers has a greater influence on the learning of students, than any other factors affecting the student learning in the control of schools in the world that include the size of the school, the size of the class, and the effectiveness of â€Å"after-school programs† (Bacharach & David 2009). There have been concerns on Georgia about the contribution of teachers towards the studying of students and the quality of the teacher workforce and there have been calls to reform the compensation of teachers. The survey result would be an indication of how the teacher attitudes differ by personal characteristics such as subject area, school assignment, or experience as well as the teacher workforce that include the school performance and the level of trust among teachers and principals. There have been calls by policymakers, analysts, and education advocates that the criterion used on teacher compensation is inappropriate and therefore it has been criticized as being too uniform and rigid. Critics claim that the present system in Georgia is not efficient as it concentrates on the experience of teachers and the qualifications they hold alone and this makes the teaching profession unattractive to result oriented people who might be having technical skills (Michael, 2007). Moreover, the critics of this compensation system for teachers argue that the present system does not do much in regard to motivate and reward effective teachers. Therefore instead of the uniform pay of teachers that goes ahead to ignore the labor market realities, reformers argue that they have provided the teachers with a varied incentive. However, despite the reformers claiming of the different incentives to teachers, this does not have any effect on the teacher motivation. The incentives have given too little as compared to the teaching assignments (Ballou, 2009). The Problem in Question According to a US study, there has been the comparison of the effectiveness of rew arding a select group of teachers against all the teachers in the school (Baugh, 2009). An analysis of the National Education Longitudinal Study, the US Department of Education's School, and the data from the Staffing Survey on performance pay came up with a conclusion that rewarding a select group of teachers was effective in student learning as compared to the whole school (Brodie & Ron 2008). However, several recent studies reveal that rewarding of the entire group of teachers in the whole school have a positive affect on the test scores of students. In addition, the research shows that through rewarding the teachers uniformly the teachers have an opportunity and encouraged to cooperate with the other teachers in the school by sharing their experiences. Critics of the selected pay program believe that the whole-school performance pay system are more acceptable to the teachers and less â€Å"controversial† (Donald & James, 2010). Regarding this, evidence of the problem that calls for farther research on the problem before policy recommendations are made. The purpose of this study is to find out why the teachers have different views regarding the pay for performance initiative. Definitions In this section, the definition of performance pay is dealt within general to set up a context on how it applies to the teachers specifically in Georgia. Therefore the key word in this paper is pay for performance in Georgia. This is the plan to have a direct relationship between the employee pay and the output of the employee. The pay for performance plan often considers of a select group of persons or the whole group of people. This plan is in line with the mostly held belief in humans that employee need to be rewarded depending on their

Leisure and toursim policy - choosen topic is future of london toursim Essay

Leisure and toursim policy - choosen topic is future of london toursim and international toursim in general - Essay Example als and evening based economic activity driven by theatres, cinemas, restaurants, bars, public houses, nightclubs and casinos, all of which attract tourists and day visitors as well as residents. [1] On the other hand, it has to be noticed that tourism is not a clear-cut sector but an all-embracing and pervasive domain of service and industrial activities. It touches upon almost all spheres of national life within the country and that is particularly the reason why a sound state policy of tourism should be essentially formulated before any significant tourism investment projects are launched. As rightly put by MacCannell, tourism is an ideological framing of history, nature and tradition; a framing that has the power to reshape culture and nature to its own needs (MacCannell 1992). Regarding specifically the leisure activities, it has been found that the participation of the public to them is really significant. A characteristic example could be the case of U.S. where the participati on of people of all ages in the leisure activities is noticeable. More specifically, according to the 1994-1995 National Survey on Recreation and the Environment, most U.S. residents over 16 years old participate in fitness activities (68.3%), swimming, (54.2%), and walking (66.7%) (Cordell 1999). As for Britain it has been found [7] that the types of leisure activities preferred by the public are differentiated from that of U.S. with nearly nine in ten adult viewers in the United Kingdom to watch television every day of the week in 2003, with nearly a quarter of viewers watching it for two to three hours a day. UK residents made a record 42.9 million holiday trips abroad in 2004, an increase from 6.7 million in 1971; Spain was the most popular destination, followed by France [7]. In order to define tourism policy we should primarily describe tourism. In this context, according to a broad definition [6] tourism is a service industry, comprising a number of tangible and intangible

Thinking Book Review Essay Example for Free

Thinking Book Review Essay Book Review:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The chapter speaks about personal barriers and the system of enculturation. Enculturation meaning the way we were raised up by our families, the culture, work and religion affecting us through the way we see things. Importantly, are the factors of acceptance in society and following those norms through your lifestyle.   The things you eat, drink, religious beliefs, violence and discrimination are all generated by enculturation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When people step aside from the conditions of enculturation, they become more aware of the teachings and the ideas of others. It creates a theme of having an open mind and of better understanding. If the individual would step aside from some of the things brought down by family and the environment it would disregard many of the misconceptions being spread and taught. If those who are unable to resist the process of enculturation tend to be fanatics instead of thinking things objectively on different social and ethical concerns. Critical Review:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Overall, the chapter allows one to reflect upon ourselves to see how culture, environment, and family affect us in many different ways. From the ideology to the way we treat people, we see others who think different than us as ignorant or blind but in actuality it is us who categorize and judge others based on our beliefs. Our own egos get in the way of learning and understanding other people or from experiences we would not have if it was not because of our own ideas. In the long run, we have to rationalize and understand that different ideas and personalities are what make us unique and learn to disagree or agree without regarding your personal emotions. We ourselves placed these personal barriers that as time pasts leads us to regret and stress.

A Study Of Computer Ethics Violation

A Study Of Computer Ethics Violation There has been a widespread use of ICT in teaching and learning process. Computer is one of the most technologies used in learning activities by students in universities throughout the world. It is a mean to facilitate learning, improve academic success, provide access to many resources and give opportunity for communication (Kay Lauricella, 2011). Even though the computers provide students with advantages, they might also lead to several ethical problems. There is extensive unethical usage of computer among students. Kuzu (2009) stated some of these unethical computer using behaviors such as using unlicensed software, copying files or programs without authorization, contempt of peoples work, accessing personal information of people and publishing this on the Internet without authorization, communicating on the Internet in disrespected way, downloading of others files and e-mails, opening adult web sites and sending viruses. These are some of the unethical practices of computer which lead to the build a big construct that is computer ethics. Martin and Yale-Weltz (1999) stated that there are characteristics caused by computer use namely: new concerns emerge rapidly, computer ethics, and computerized information. The term of computer ethics refers to a part of social and humanistic studies of computing (SHC) which is theoretical of the way in which different forms of information technology shape these computer ethics which have been developed to address individuals or social systems (Breij, 2001). On the other hand, Shelly (2010) is more specific and described the term computer ethics as ethical guidelines that lead people to the right way of using computers and information systems. Moreover, Barnard, de Ridder and Pretorius (2003) state that computer ethics is the study of behavioral activities of IT professionals that is useful for all of society. Baase (2003) definition is quite closely to Barnards definition and describes computer ethics as a list of professional ethics same as medical, legal, teaching and accounting ethics. Computer ethics aim is to make decisions that depend on criteria of ethics, and then to provide more generalized ideas in terms of theoritical evaluation, ethical insights, normative standards, educational programs, legal advice and so forth (Floridi Sanders, 2002). Ethical issues are very essential in every society. The increased growth of computer usage has been generated a lot of questions of what is good and is not good ethics regarding the activities of computer use. Therefore, there are some organizations that pay attention in social and ethical results of extensive computer usage such as Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Computer Society, the Data Processing Management Association (DPMA). ACM is one of these organizations which is special interest group that address the side effects of using computer and its aim is to raise awareness about the impact that technology has on society (ACM, 2012). In this case, AC M has established a code of ethics and professional conduct in 1992. It is clearly that computer has become a part of the educational environment which students use it as research and communication tool. At the same time, using computer has created ethical problems and violation of computer ethics is on the rise (Maslin, Zuraini Ramlah, 2009). In other word, there are different practices that students do and relate to the use of computer unethically. As Frestone and Mitchell (2004) stated that downloading music, movies and software is unmoral due to the copyright issues. Moreover, students are generally more tend to pirate software and other intellectual property (Kini, Ramakrishn Vijayaraman, 2004). Intellectual property is mind creation, names, designs, etc. It is divided into two types: industrial property and copyright which includes poem, films, designs, music and games. Maslin, Zurainy, Rashidah, Ramlah and Norshidah (2010) found that a round more than half of students are aware of abuse of computer ethics in terms of intellectual property and privacy. Therefore, there are a lot of discussed sites of computer and networks. Information privacy, intellectual property rights, code of conduct and green computing are some examples of those sites (Shelly, 2010). In addition, Namlu and Odabasi (2007) build an unmoral computer using behavior scale (UECUB) to define unethical computer behaviors. A factor analysis of the related items discovered that the factors can be categorized into five groups; intellectual property, social impact, safety and quality, net integrity and information integrity. Based on the experts in the field of computer security, universities are one of the lowest secure places (Maslin Zuraini, 2008). Furthermore, academic dishonesty in these days technology is classified as an issue for higher education (Underwood Szabo, 2003). Scheyvens, Wild and Overton (2003) found that the level of plagiarism is in high level in graduate students more than in undergraduate students because of the high degree of demand for critical and analytical writing. Therefore, different groups of people whether they are organizations or individuals have become more concerned about ethical issues caused by interconnected world (Martin Woodword, 2011). IIUM is a unique university all over the world. It integrates traditional and moral values in the all modern areas of disciplines. The essential aim of establishing IIUM is to generate international center which can combines beneficial knowledge and Islamic values in all types of disciplines which can lead to the right way of Ummahs leading role in variety fields of knowledge (IIUM philosophy, 2012) According to Tun Sri Mohd Sidek Hj Hassan (The president, IIUM Community), IIUM must be highly ethical even as it strives excellence (IIUM Code of Ethics, 2008). Concerning this, As an Islamic- oriented institution, IIUM students are expected to be ethical concessionaires at all time. IIUM has established the IIUM Student Code of Ethics which is a code of practices depending on the strong basic of Islamic values with a view to gaining a high level of morality in commitment with IIUMs core values namely, Integrity (trustworthiness), Justice and Fairness, Adab and Professionalism. IIUM Code of Ethics defines integrity (Istiqamah) as trust (Amanah) and stresses the need for sincerity, accountability, justice and transparency in all academic conduct (IIUM code of Ethics, 2008). Besides that, IIUM is committed to supplying a wide range of internet services to all its population and facilities by providing access to broadband and wifi to all its members whether they are students or staff as well as providing them with a number of computer laboratories in each Kullyah. Based on these services, students use computers whether they are university computers or their personal computers in their university or personal lives. In IIUM, There are several Kulliyyahs the Kulliyyah of Information and Communication Technology (KICT) is one of its kullyyahs which was opened in November 2001. Since that time, KICT has produced knowledge workers who have a variety of ICT skills and knowledge and Taqwa of Allah. KICT offers Cyber Law and Islamic Ethics (INFO 4502) as Kullyyah required course for all students to equipped them with more information of ethical computer use (KICT, 2005). At the same time, the Institute of Education (INSTED) is one of Malaysias top education schools in IIUM. It offers a wide range of undergraduate and postgraduate courses in different specialization. INSTED provides the strategies that reduce the gap between theory and practice (INSTED, 2012). Unlike the KICT, INSTED does not offer Cyber Law and Islamic Ethics as an Kulyyah required course. In this case, students are not familiar with the ethical practice of computer use. Recently, some studies have conducted in IIUM related to assess the ethical behaviors in terms of academic integrity practice and computer ethics among IIUM students. To clarify, Moshood (2010) conducted his study to examine the IIUM students perceptions toward academic integrity practice. Integrity practice in the IIUM campus was determined by two important sub- constructs (awareness of academic integrity policy and commitment to academic integritys implementation). On the other side, Maslin, et al. (2007) investigated the awareness of computer use among undergraduate computer science students from UTM and IIUM. Generally, many researches have been done in computer ethics field. The large number of these studies conducted to investigate students awareness and perceptions of computer ethics and ethical beliefs (Adebayo, 2005; Akbulut, Usal, Odabasi Kuzu, 2008; Acilar, 2010; Jabour, 2011; Maslin Zuraini, 2008; Maslin, Zuraini Ramlah, 2009; Molnar, Kletke Chongwatpo, 2008; North, George North, 2007; Perryer Jordan, 2002; Peterson, Rhoad Vangght, 2001; Virginiam, Kelly Kathleen, 2011; Teston, 2008). Furthermore, these studies investigated the impact of gender, computer experience, age and program of the study on ethical judgments and ethical awareness. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM It is obviously that universities and educational organizations pay a huge attention in providing computers to their students or members. Despite the increased using of computer and its applications such as Internet and shared resources in human lives activities all over the world, however some users of computers such as students do not practice the code of computer ethics due to their ignorance of these ethics or due to their lack knowledge regarding these ethics. In addition they are not familiar with the idea that ethical issues related to computer use might be of importance to them in their future career as computer professional (Namlu odabasi, 2007) Therefore, they do not aware of the side effects of violation of computer ethics. It is noteworthy that in Malaysia, computer ethics is not offered as an individual subject, but rather the topic integrated in some related courses such as Management Information Systems or Cyber Law and Ethics course (Maslin, et al, 2009). In IIUM, KICT offers the course of Cyber Law and Ethics as a required course for all students to equip them with more information of ethical computer use (KICT, 2005). On the other hand, INSTED does not require this course for the students who are under this institution. Therefore, on the absence of computer ethics guidelines as a subject or chapter in the INSTED courses, there is a need to assess students violation of computer ethics and make comparison between KICT as-they have at least background about computer ethics- and INSTED students. In addition, According to IIUM website, the philosophy of the university is to create international center of educational excellence which integrate Islamic Knowledge and values in all disciplines. Furthermore, In IIUM, integrity (Istiqamah) is recognized as the essence of the university code of ethics. IIUM Code of Ethics (2008) requires students to the code of ethics strictly in their academic works and general lives. This code of ethics contains many core values such as piety, honesty, trustworthiness, responsibility, sincerity, accountability, justice and transparency. With this code of ethics, IIUM students practices are expected to be ethically (IIUM Codes of Ethics, 2008). In addition, IIUM requires integrity practice to be able to produce ethically outstanding scholars in various fields of studies (Moshood, 2010). As a result, it requires firm commitment to the implementation of academic integrity policies. Consequently, IIUM administrators and faculty are expected to be comm itted to implement the integrity policies in campus. Therefore, this study firstly will examine the level of students violation of computer ethics in two different Kullyyahs with the existence of Islamic values in the university. Moreover, the researcher will investigate if there is any relationship between students violation of computer ethics and the level of IIUM faculty and managements commitment to the implementation of academic integrity policy from students perspective. Finally, there are some researches were conducted in the field of computer ethics. The large number of these studies conducted to investigate students awareness and perceptions of computer ethics and ethical beliefs (Adebayo, 2005; Akbulut, Usal, Odabasi Kuzu, 2008; Acilar, 2010; Jabour, 2011; Maslin Zuraini, 2008; Maslin, Zuraini Ramlah, 2009; Molnar, Kletke Chongwatpo, 2008; North, George North, 2007; Perryer Jordan, 2002; Peterson, Rhoad Vangght, 2001; Virginiam, Kelly Kathleen, 2011; Teston, 2008). Furthermore, these studies investigated the impact of gender, computer experience, age and program of the study on ethical judgments and ethical awareness. In IIUM context, there are only one study was conducted in terms of academic integrity practice and one study in term of computer ethics. To clarify, Moshood (2010) conducted his study to examine the IIUM students perceptions toward academic integrity practice. On the other hand, Maslin, et al. (2007) investigated the awareness of computer use among undergraduate computer science students from UTM and IIUM. After examine the literature, It is clear that there is a lack of studies which conducted to evaluate the real violation of computer ethics among students. To add, there is no study investigate whether there is any relationship between students violation of computer ethics and the level of IIUM faculty and managements commitment to the implementation of academic integrity policy from students perspective or not. Therefore, this research aims to assess the level of students violation of computer ethics, examine any significant difference between KICT and INSTED student violation of computer ethics and to investigate if there is any relationship between students violation of computer ethics and the level of IIUM faculty and managements commitment to the implementation of academic integrity policy from students perspective. Conceptual framework The study of Peterson , Rhoads Vaught (2001) revealed that age as a factor has an effect on ethical behavior. They found that older people have high level of ethical behavior than younger. In term of investigating different program on students ethical computer use, Akbulut, Uysal, Odabasi Kuzu.(2008) investigate the effect of program on unethical computer using behavior. They found that there is no significant difference among different programs of study. By contrast, Maslin, Zuraini Ramlah (2009) found that there were some significant differences in ethical awareness of computer use among undergraduate computer science students from different universities (UTM and IIUM) In addition, Maslin, et al. (2009) have developed this model of ethical awareness of computer use: In IIUM, Integrity (Istiqamah) is recognized as the essence of the university code of ethics (IIUM Code of Ethics, 2008). Academic integrity, according to the Center for Academic Integrity (International Center for Academic Integrity, 2011), is defined as a commitment, even in the face of great difficulties, to five basic core values: honesty, trust, fairness, respect, and responsibility. Based on these values, principles of behaviors come into being that help academic communities convert these ideals into practice. Based on previous studies and model, in present study, the researcher will investigate the effect of age and program of study (Kullyyah) on students violation of computer ethics. The model will be as following: The extent of faculty and managements commitment to the implementation of academic integrity policies from students perspectives. Age Program of the study (Kullyyah) Violation of computer ethics PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study is to assess the level of computer ethics violation among IIUM students whether they are undergraduate or postgraduate students in two different Kulyyahs and to find if there is any significant difference between KICT and INSTED students in their violation of computer ethics. Moreover, this study aims to examine if there is any relationship between students violation of computer ethics and the extent of faculty and managements commitment to the implementation of academic integrity policies from students perspectives. RESEARCH QUESTIONS This study designed to address the following questions: What is the level of violation of computer ethics among IIUM students? Is there any statistically significant difference between KICT and INSTED students in their violation of computer ethics? Is there any relationship between IIUM students violation of computer ethics and the extent of faculty and managements commitment to the implementation of academic integrity policies from students perspectives? Is there any statistically significant difference between different groups of students ages in their violation of computer ethics? DELIMITATION Conducting this study will not generalize to all universities in Malaysia. It will be limited to IIUM only. Specifically, this study will focus on only two Kullyyahs (KICT and INSTED). Although there are several aspects of students misconduct behavior, however this study will be restricted to find out the level of computer ethics violation. Furthermore, this study will find out only the effect of faculty and managements commitment to the implementation of academic integrity policies from students perspectives on students violation of computer ethics. However, there are others factors affect students violation of computer ethics. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY The results from this study will make a meaningful contribution to our knowledge concerning computer ethics violation in our University. Moreover, this study will provide data about the level of IIUM students unethical practice of using computer that could help the lecturers to be informed about their students violation of computer ethics and help them to find what they think that help their students if the level is low. Furthermore, the leaders of the KICT and INSTEAD will be awarded about the level of students violation and make their decisions of how the level of ethical practice in using computer be improved if the level is low. Finally, this study will give a clear picture about the nature of the relationship between students violation of computer ethics and the extent of faculty and managements commitment to the implementation of academic integrity policies from students perspectives which helps the policy makers of IIUM to take more notice on academic integrity practice in IIUM campus. DEFINITION OF TERMS Computer ethics: Moral guidelines that govern the use of computers and information system. In this study computer ethics will only cover intellectual property, privacy and shared resources (adapted from Shelly, 2010). Intellectual Property: A broad category of materials, inventions and original works that are legally recognized as proprietary assets of an individual or organization which cannot be used without permission or legal licensure (Adapted from Techopedia.com, 2010) Privacy: The degree to which personal information, digital communication and digital devices can be accessed and shared by individuals (Adapted from your Dictionary.com, 2012) Shared Resources: Known as network resources, refer to computer data, information, or hardware devices that can be easily accessed from a remote computer through a local area network (LAN) or enterprise Internet (Techopedia.com, 2012). IIUM: International Islamic University Malaysia. IIUM is a unique university either in Malaysia or on a broader plane of the world. Since its inception English is used both as its medium of instruction and the language of its administration. It blends harmoniously modern and professional disciplines with traditional values and moral virtues. Its students originate from more than 100 countries representing nearly all regions of the world. IIUM has spared no effort to ensure that it provides the best tertiary education possible in all branches of knowledge. 6. KICT: Kullyyah of Information and Communication Technology in IIUM. 7. INSTED: Institute of Education in IIUM. 8. Violation: an act that disregards an agreement or a right (AudioEnglish.net, 2006). 9. Academic integrity: refers to the extent that core ethical values ( honestly, sincerity, piety, quality and originality) are transparently observed and strictly implemented in all academic pursuits. This is expected to facilitate the attainment of comprehensive excellence in the academic process as highlighted in the IIUM fundamental mission for learning. 10. Commitment to Academic Integritys Implementation It contains four indicators that measure the extent of the university administrators and facultys commitment to the implementation of academic integrity policies. The four observed variables include (Code of ethics is well implemented in IIUM; Academic integrity practice is adequated emphasized by lecturers at the beginning of each course; Consequences of dishonest practices are well discussed in most of my classes; and Defaulters of academic integrity rules are given appropriate sanctions in IIUM.

Mini Bran Re positioning Analysis

Mini Bran Re positioning Analysis According to the book Strategic brand management by Kevin Lane Keller (2008) , Identifying and creating brand positioning is the first and important stage of the strategic brand management process. Positioning effects on a founding benchmark and works toward building a strong brand by helping marketers to design, to implement, to solidify or to sustain brand associations. Aaker ( ) also supports the idea that the brand position can offer clear direction to a communication program implementation. To establish the position of a brand, the concept of it should be clearly defined. Criticism of the literature reveals numerous meanings and clarification of positioning. Sekhar, (1989) states that the concept of positioning developed from research on market segmentation and targeting. Kotler (2003, p. 308) defines brand positioning as the act of designing the companys offering and image to occupy a distinctive place in the mind of the target market. The end result of positioning is the succe ssful creation of a customer-focused value proposition, a cogent reason why the target market should buy the product. Arnott (1992, 1993) parallels the idea by stating that positioning is, correlated to the rivalry, management attempt to adjust the tangible features and the intangible views of a marketable contribution. Furthermore, Kapferer, (2004, p. 99) emphasises on the distinctive characteristics that make a band different from its competitors and alluring to the public. In addition, Sengupta (2005 ) enhances the term of perception that indicate the core of the brand in terms of its functional and emotional benefit in the decision of customer. Also, it is shown as points in perceptual space and think up a product class. In essence, Keller outlines the idea behind the concept of brand positioning that involves four aspects; target market identification, the nature of competitors, the ideal of points of parity, and the points of difference. Identifying target market is crucial part in establish a robust positioning because dissimilar segment may have diverse brand knowledge structure or perceive the same brand in different way vary by own attitudes, beliefs, and experience. The target customer can be classified as descriptive (customer-oriented), which associated to the kind of customer or behavioral (product-oriented), which related to how customers consider of or utilizes the brand or product. The behavioral side is more significant to comprehend brand position due to stronger strategic implication. Decided type of target can, then, implicitly sketches the nature of rivalry because businesses usually target that same segment in terms of category membership. Once the appropriate competitive frame of reference for positioning has been formed, the correct points of parity (POPs) and points of difference (PODs) are able to make. Point of parity (POPs) are characteristics or benefits that may mutual with other brands separated into two forms: category and competitive. Category point of parity is a standard association expected by customers to show the credibility of companies. Competitive Point of parity are associations designed to abolish rivalry Point of difference. It is used when firms want to break even the area that competitors are attempting to seek an advantage and achieve advantages in some other areas. To illustrate, to enter in the fast food industry, there are key elements that help customers to label a brand as a fast food restaurant such as quick service, good taste, and low prices. These are fundamental features and benefits of product category that it belongs to. Point of difference, on the other hand, comprises of strong, favorable and unique associations for a br and based on attribute or benefit association in the mind of customer. It is associations that customers believe that they couldnt find in the competitive brand. It is considered by functional basis, performance-related consideration and imagery related criterion, which are competitive strengths and insight about consumers motivations. Reeves and Ted Bates advertising agency (1950) also support the common concept of PODs in terms of unique selling proposition (USP) that promoting use to compel customers to buy product that competitors could not race. For instance, fast-food chain Subway uses the healthier benefit as PODs compared with other quick-serve restaurants that supported by less fat attribute. Nike, for another example, claim of superior performance in athletic shoes. Nowadays, business environment is becoming more intensively competitive. Marketers must certify that their brands constantly amend to stay s, at the same time as keeping on the true core values (Aaker, 1991; Keller, 1999). There are many reasons that make a firm to reconsider about its brand position which could be environmentally driven, Consumer driven, Competitor driven, and company driven. The environmentally driven can cause by economic issue, political issue, or the green movement. Consumer driven is able to be the change of consumer needs and lifestyles or the attractiveness of alternative target markets . Moreover, the driven from internal of company usually be a change in company strategy or gaining of new technology or other asset that provides the brand a competitive advantage and valuable differentiator. Finally, the essential reason that affects a brand to reposition is the competitor movement. Markets are shredded and full with proposition that rivals try to display the ir point of different and superior positioning. Then, the brand may be faced by a new stronger positioning. Often, competitive advantages survive for only a short period before competitors attempt to match them, which may harm the brand positioning in terms of building satisfactory distinction benefits over their contenders (Clancy and Trout, 2002). Thus, brand should react by using repositioning strategy to change and stay contemporary and fresh in the eyes of customers. Trout and Ries () propose an idea of the repositioning that involve with competition, change, and crisis issues. Firstly, repositioning can compete the rival by discriminate the brand or product and add value to it. Secondly, since time pass by, brand should update itself and make connection to target customer by using technology and communication and multimedia assets. Finally, repositioning can cure the crisis especially the cost issue. Ryan et al ()also gives the meaning of repositioning that is the way to re-ad apt brand position the consumers thought to change the way in which a firms product or service is apprehend. Basically, positioning and repositioning are the same; they are both process of getting ownership of a place in the thoughts of the target market that is proper, differentiating and fascinating. These two activities are , likewise, bases on the Customer Based Brand Equity (CBBE) Model settled by Keller in 1993 which defined as the different effect that consumer knowledge has on the customers response to marketing activity. To clarify, this paper will show the illustration of two repositioned brand of the automobile industry in both successful and fail way. Begin with brand that succeed in repositioning that is MINI, The MINI (original named Mini) is one of the most well known brands in the car industry, and indeed the most prosperous British car in terms of volume sold (Birmingham Mini Owners Club, 2002). It was launched in 1959 by British Motor Corporation. It was originally designed for four people seat, in a small size, practical, easy to park and economical. Also, priced was inexpensively. This responded to a fuel shortage, and the need for more efficient city cars. The Mini Cooper was designed and commercialized as a faster and sporty version of the Mini that would allow the car to compete successfully in rallying. Moreover, in 1969 the Mini was placed on the film The Italian Job. Due to the combination of the Minis rallying success and celebrity style reputation so it became a necessary fashion accessory. It gained the cultural status that considered as a British icon. The Mini Coopers status was variable between the 1970s and the 1980s as the license for the brand was sold to Spanish and Italian companies. In 1994, BMW bought the Rover Group, the owner of the Mini and launched the line in 2000. BMW still used the Mini brand to unite old and new to form explicit and consistence profile, but a bit change in name from Mini to MINI. Launching the New MINI had task to preserve the MINI from becoming a fad. Therefore, business strategy of BMW is to position the MINI as a symbol. It target young groups of customers that are urbane, stylish, individualistic or characteristically take their own path, value and quality consider, love to drive, and a trendsetter. To meet the target market need, characteristic, and lifestyle, Mini brand came out the repositioning strategy that tried to attract customer in both logical level by the products performance and insurance of quality, and at a sensational level by the value of the brands image or product aesthetics. At the rational level, MINI keeps the perception of a small premium car. It emphasized in practical and brand heritage about being an economy small sport car that have a different and new technical base. There are three main competitive advantages that support the aspect; custom design, modern quality technology, and outstanding safety. Firstly, MINI has an extensiv e variety of equipment along with paintwork choices, applications on the external and rare materials for the internal that make MINI customizable and can be differentiate. As a result, it offers customers to choose their own style MINI to express and show their own brand personality. Secondly, the quality dimension, it involves; body structure setting new standards, the powerful engines, the most progressive suspension technology, which makes driver feel a go-kart experience. Thirdly, the safety system guarantee excellent safety airbag system, which makes the MINI one of the safest and the most reliable cars in its category. At an emotional level, the MINI stressed on the fun facet, play with the slogan fun to drive. Thus, MINI attempted to create brand personality of it as fun loving, outrageous, cheeky, trendy, sporting and attractive. The victory of the MINI brand repositioning can be analyzed in many aspects. Firstly it achieved in clearly defined its target market so it could offer the brand attributes or benefits that meet the target needs and, also, was able to compete with the relevant brands in the sporty compact cars market such as Honda and Volkswagen. Likewise, MINI did not forget to offer the Category points-of-parity; it provided essential and credible attributes that a car should have to customers. Additionally, MINI can prove strong superiority on its attribute and benefit and, too, consumers can be swayed. MINI brand associations met three criteria that can correctly be good at a point-of-difference; desirability, deliverability, and differentiability. First of all, the MINIs target customer was given a persuasive motive to believe by MINIs pose on exclusive design, up-to-date quality technology, excellent safety, plus fun emotion. Accordingly, they can feel the relevance in both performance and emot ion. These advantage associations are hard to compete. Also, MINI got benefit from the combination of two legacy advantages; British heritage and BMWs German heritage that effected to customer perception. The former British heritage included construction in England, iconic scheme, fun and sporty sensation. The later German heritage BMWs consisted of the certifying in excellence of production and technology along with the premium car segment. Moreover, the company can really deliver favor attributes and benefits, in the other words, MINI could sent the promise unique joy at an attainable price to its consumers. The product design and its marketing campaign supported the desired associations. Their unique, specific and complete forms of advertising resulted to minis repositioning accomplishment. The customer was underlined that possessing and driving a MINI is fun, at the same time, also promoting brand personality and the idea of smaller is better. In every touch points, from the bil lboards to the showrooms, everything is branded that pararell with the set position. Finally, associations of MINI brand are strong in differentiate about history related, product related, and emotional related that can claim distinctiveness and superiority against relevant competitors. Whilst MINI brand repositioning has been very successful, Oldsmobile brand, contrastingly, had left customers confused. The Oldsmobile brand is a case of the failure brand in repositioning. Oldsmobile is one of the brand legends in US car history. It was in the portfolio of General Motors (GM) same as Chevrolet, Pontiac, Buick and Cadillac. It was a pioneer brand that launched the first car with chromeplated Trim and front wheel drive. Also, it was be the first production line car in the US with a fully automatic transmission, which is Toronado model. The brand was popular for many decades until there were problems that shake the strength of brand and have to end the production in 2000. The reason behind the brand failure can be divided in terms of positioning in three parts. First of all, around 1980s onwards, when GMs technology had cutting edge begin with the Chevrolet engines were substituted ad diesel engines were given as an option, it ,afterward, stopped maintaining and emphasizing the unique selling proposition of Oldsmobile and make the brand to be uniform like others. Consequently, Oldsmobiles is devalued its positioning in advance automobile in sportiness and innovation .It lost its advantage edge and looked very similar to other GM cars, with only small differences. Additionally, due to its brand name, there is an effect of the name old to the perception of customer that mislead to be perceived as outdates brand specially among teenage segment. As a result, marketers of Oldsmobile tried to reposition the brand and adjust the brand image with Its Not Your Fathers Oldsmobile slogan and ran advertising to describing the point. Unfortunately, this customers couldnt recognize reasonable about age association and still perceive that Oldsmobile is old-fashioned (Levinson,2005). One Brand Week article, published in February 2001 gave a recommendation to the Oldsmobile that instead of attempt to be younger, it should better accept the exist brand, with its older profile, search for older customers insight and give them a communication that fascinated to their needs. It could be possible, as the Oldsmobile had been considered an innovator in its field, even though it had never been a youth brand. Also, the process of this repositioning was rather impulsiv e operation. The customer perception should proceeding adjust for example, from old brand to adult brand to, eventually, younger brand. Moreover, Oldsmobile had endeavoured to lift its position to be a luxury brand by changing logo and make many product variations to enter European market. However, the principal notion of Oldsmobile was to manufacture a low-priced car for the masses and discounting strategy to sales was still used that against the repositioning aim, thus, consumers were confounded. Again, their memories with the earlier brand image still ran deep. Ultimately, General Mortors shut down its Oldsmobile section. Refer to the case, there are many factors that make Oldsmobile incapable to success in repositioning. Begins with the target market, it attempted to target younger consumers and affluent market without finding those customers insight. While there were overwhelm of competitors that pierced in the same target. Thus, introducing trendy new Olds cars were too late. Oldsmobile did not carry on the brands new promise; it just created the tag line Its Not Your Fathers Oldsmobile but did not do anything on product or service programs to stress the claim. The product reforms did not meet wishes of new clients. By reason of deficient product development plus inconsistent brand communications, it did not have power enough to change the targets perception that Oldsmobile is a youthful, modern brand. Sharfman(2001) states that this slogan excluded both newer and elder purchasers. The reason that might be it had not done enough through its designs, contemporary images, and marketing mix, especiall y to the customers who do not have high involvement in the brand. They saw no advantage and no distinction, and no emotive association. In addition, it abandoned their competitive advantages which are a sporty and innovative, based on its heritage. Consequently, the trusted and believable personality of Oldsmobile was destroyed. In addition, to be in the upper market, Oldsmobile did not do well on credibility. Price levels did not represent the new willing position. Also, it was not able to form a unique emotional advantage or identity component of brand equity that is related to its customers. For these reasons Oldsmobile turned people off. In a nut shell, brand positioning is a strategic concept that marketers make a band image to sit in a unique room in the mind of the target market by a customer-focused base value correlated to competitors. Furthermore,There are factors require brand managers to reconsider about their brand position such as altering customer needs, increasing competitive pressures and changing of the company own structure. The BMW MINI case shows an example of how a brand cans success in repositioning. It created effective brand associations that consumers perceive a brand dwell in a favourable, differentiated and credible location in the minds of consumers. Thus, MINI gained trustworthiness of the product position by information given by brand. Although many brands are desired to become resurrected and famous again, often, repositioning brand fail in changing the image in the mind of customer as the mentioned case of Oldsmobile. It underwent from a lack of strong positioning since targeted goal that it did not have ability to send the promises or new benefits. Also, elements of marketing mix did not go along with new position such as the product improvement and the price. As a result, marketers should carefully redefine brands target market, stick on their needs and expectations, then, find the right and available place to be in their minds, which unique, certifiable, and satisfactory. Finally, the new position should be communicated properly and consistency.

Greenwashing in Media Essay -- Ethical Issues, Misleading Customers

Research ProjectGreenwashing in Media In this day and age companies have mastered the technique of misleading customers by fabricating false claims about a green product or service that they swear to provide. This insincere display of information is called ‘Greenwashing’, a spin-off of ‘Whitewashing’. Greenwashing could be said to be a global phenomenon and it’s commonly seen in advertisements, on products packing, websites, emails, speeches, and videos (just to name a few). Greenwashing is a thought out process, a planned and typically well designed campaign. There is a wide range of reasons why companies are eager to partake in greenwashing; divert attention for regulatory change, to persuade critics or consumers, expand the company's market, and to make the company seem appealing. The goal of this paper is to provide three examples of ‘greenwashing’ and to relate these examples to Downing et al. concepts. To help further explain these misleading claims, a well recognized company by the media is called Terrachoice. â€Å"The Terrachoice Environment Marketing Consulting practice converts knowledge of markets, science and marketing into winning, client-centered solutions to help sustainability leaders deliver results† (â€Å"The "six sins," 2007). Terrachoice has conducted a study of the â€Å"Environmental Claims in North American Consumer Markets† and found shocking results that made them want to give warning to potential consumers about the ‘six sins of greenwashing. The Terrachoice Company was designed to improve the communication between the purchasers and consumers, helping to enhance, strengthen, and prove market relationship. Companies that carry out greenwashing commonly use the words, ‘green’, ‘energy efficient’, and ‘clean’ to expo... ...efit† (p. xx). More and more individuals will run into greenwashing ads from the news to even advertising; however it’s important to recognize the exaggeration, persuasiveness and omission of information in these ads. It’s evident that any form of media is filled with manipulation; pulling the perception, actions, fears, desires, and values out of the consumer. In our text Downing et al. begins saying, â€Å"empiricist communications research†¦are concerned more with questions, problems, and perspectives than with the mere recitation of detailed facts. Indeed, critical scholars would argue that facts by themselves are impossible to interpret if they are not placed into some model or theory about how the media and society work† (xxviii). I think this sums up why we all should be critical in a positive manner, and should use the theories that help us analyze media material.

Electric Cars :: essays research papers

Privately Owned Gasoline Powered Vehicles Should Be Limited The automobile has become a very important part of today’s society. It is a necessity to own or to have access to a car in order to keep up with all of the competition of the business world, and also one’s social demands. Most people would not be able to travel around a country or the world without this incredible machine, for it provides freedom and mobility, even for people who do not own a car. Unfortunately, the car has a very destructive nature. Automobiles make a major contribution to air and noise pollution, the depletion of fossil fuels, and the abnormalities in children and adults due to lead poisoning. Although our economy currently defends on gasoline- powered cars, it is my belief that the use of gas-powered automobiles must be limited because of air pollution, natural resources and lead poisoning. First of all, and most importantly, automobiles are harmful to our environment. By definition, automobiles run on gasoline, which is a mixture derived from petroleum. Gasoline contains hundreds of different hydrocarbons, or compounds containing the chemical elements carbon and hydrogen (Gasoline). When the gas is burned in the engine of the car, several byproducts result. These exhausts include hydrocarbons and oxides of three elements: Carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur (Emissions). Tiny amounts of poisonous trace elements such as lead, cadmium, and nickel also are present. Everything contained in the exhaust affects the environment intensely. Auto engine exhaust contributes about fifty percent of today’s atmospheric pollution, and in highly populated and industrialized cities, air pollution consists of up to 80% car exhaust. Because of all of the gasoline-powered cars on the road, the earth’s outermost protective shell, the ozone layer, is being destroyed. The ozone layer g uards against, among other things, global warming and skin cancer. If it is annihilated, the whole planet, including the human race, will be erased along with it. This is one reason gasoline powered automobiles should be limited. Another reason privately owned gasoline powered vehicles should be limited is the depletion of the fossil fuel supply. People all over the world need petroleum, a fossil fuel, to fill their cars in order to get around. However, petroleum, like many other natural resources on this earth, is in short supply. The continued use of petroleum at the current rate will cause the limited supply to dwindle. Our society does not seem to realize this point, though.

National Socialism: The Loss of Individuality Essays -- Essays Papers

National Socialism: The Loss of Individuality National Socialism in Germany between 1933 and 1945 offered no room for individuality. The unification of Germany and the purification of the Arian race did not allow for the citizens in Nazi Germany to have any singularity. The rise of National Socialism was due to many linked motivations, from the disgrace that the Germanys were feeling after their defeat in the First World War, to the racism against the Jews that plagued all of Europe. After World War One Germany was demolished, both economically and agriculturally. Then, under the terms of the Treaty of Versailles, Germany was charged with sole responsibility for the war, and was forced to pay costly reparations. This all added to the desperation of the country to form a stronger country. Germany would soon be one of the most powerful states in the world. The National Socialist, in their struggle to rebuild their country and its unity, had two goals. First, they promised to rid the state of national disgrace and desperation. This promised to be completed in a brief period of time. The National Socialist of Germany thought that the sooner it could get back on its feet, the sooner it could become the strongest power in the world. The second goal was to get rid of the absolute monarchy. This was so important to the plan for Germany that they were not concerned whether it be done legally or not. (Dulffer 16-17) In The Enabling Act of 1933 Adolf Hitler, the nationalist leader, was granted dictatorial powers, ending the Weimar Republic. This began the dictatorship that would change the course of history. Hitler (for more information click on picture) gave the members of the Nazi party high... ... camps. This illustrates the power that the National Socialist had in keeping individuality restrained for the â€Å"good† of the community. National Socialism between 1933 through 1945 was a breakdown of individualism. The Nazi control of German unified a country, while tearing apart a world. The reasons for the rise of this totalitarian state are vast, but closely linked together. Through the disgrace of the First World War, and the desperateness of Germany to find a scapegoat, millions of lives were taken for the â€Å"common good† of the Aryan race in Germany. Bibliography - Abel, Theodore. Why Hitler Came to Power. London: Hrvard Collage, 1966. - Duffer, Jost. Nazi Germany 1933-1945 Faith and Annihilation. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1992. - Mosse, George L. The Crisis of German Ideology. New York: The University Library, 1964.

Transformational leader vs. transactional leader

In order to accept or reject the statement â€Å"Do you see your choice as transformational leader vs. transactional leader in line with the above statements by William and Susan Bridges?†, one has to study in details. Transformational leaders encourage others to perform better than they originally planned and frequently even better than they considered potential. Such leaders set more demanding expectations and classically attain higher performances. According to Bridges (2000) transformational leadership is an opening out of transactional leadership while transactional leadership highlights the transaction or exchange that takes place among leaders, colleagues, and followers. This exchange is founded on the leader conversing with others what is essential and identifying the conditions and rewards these others will obtain if they accomplish the necessities. Proper transformational leaders lift the level of moral development of those whom they lead. They convert their followers into leaders. They expand and enlarge the wellbeing of those whom they lead. They encourage their associates, colleagues, followers, customers, and even their bosses to go further than their personal self-interests for the good of the group, organization, or society. Transformational leaders concentrate on each follower's intellect of self-worth in order to engage the follower in true dedication and contribution in the endeavor at hand. This is one of the things that transformational leadership inserts to the transactional exchange. Transformational leadership is more effectual than transactional leadership in producing the additional attempt, pledge, and contentment of those led. Transformational leaders perform better with colleagues and followers than set up effortless exchanges. They act in manners to attain higher outcomes by employing one or more of the four components of transformational leadership. First, leadership is viewed through rose-tinted glasses when followers search to recognize with their leaders and imitate them. Second, the leadership motivates the followers with confront and influence that present connotation and understanding. Third, the leadership is rationally inspiring, expanding the followers’ use of their capabilities. Lastly, the leadership is independently caring, providing the followers with facilitation, mentoring, and coaching. Transactional leadership takes place when the leader rewards a follower based on the competence of the follower's recital. Transactional leadership depends on dependent underpinning, either optimistic reliant reward or the more unenthusiastic active or passive shapes of management-by-exception. (Bridges, 2000) It is concluded that transformational leadership supports to transactional leadership in its effects on follower contentment and recital. Transformational leadership does not substitute transactional leadership. That is, productive and in particular remedial connections may have only minor impact on followers unless accompanied by one or more components of transformational leadership for getting the most out of transactions. Hence the statement is accepted. References Bridges, William, and Susan Mitchell Bridges â€Å"Leading Transition: A New Model for C

Twelfth Night Explores the Nature of Love

The play Twelfth Night explores many different types of love between it's characters. With so much love and so many different levels and kinds, love easily appears to be the central theme of the play from the complex love triangle between Viola, Oliva and Orsino to hinted at homosexual love from Antonio to Sebastion, it is easily the central theme. The first love in the play is Orsino's love for Olivia. Although Orsino has never met Oliva before in his life he claims to be madly in love with her and sends messenger after messenger to tell her of his love. This uneducated and mostly appearance related love could easily just be infatuation. This could be proven when Orsino quickly asks Viola to marry him as though he never loved Oliva to begin with. Another, but a lot different, example of love in Twelfth Night is the self love Malvolio has for himself. Malvolio only cares about his social rank, becoming a gentleman. Then when he receives the letter from â€Å"Olivia† he becomes ecstatic and even says that he will make him the real head of the house rather then just a steward if they marry. The plans to use Olivia's love for him as a tool to reach where he wants to be. Another example of love, and probably the most true, is Viola's love for Orsino. Viola's love for Orsino is the most true because Viola and Orsino really know eachother. They talk and spend time together, even if they are both â€Å"men† they manage to get to know eachother. Also their live seems true because even though she loves Orsino she would go try and â€Å"Woo† Oliva so Orsino could be happy. There is also little ways showing love in the play Twelfth Night. For instance the idea that Antonio loves Sebastian is brought up by the way he speaks to Sebastian and the way he comes to Llyria with him even though he can go to jail. The last example of love is Maria and Toby, we know that Maria's love is true but whether or not Toby loves her is a mystery. Oliva's love for Cesario, Toby and Maria, Oliva and Sebastian, â€Å"Oliva's† letter to Malvolio, Viola and Orsino, and Orsino's love for Oliva easily show that love is a central them in Twelfth Night.

Pretax accounting income Essay

On January 1, 2010, Ameen Company purchased a building for $36 million. Ameen uses straight-line depreciation for financial statement reporting and MACRS for income tax reporting. At December 31, 2012, the carrying value of the building was $30 million and its tax basis was $20 million. At December 31, 2013, the carrying value of the building was $28 million and its tax basis was $13 million. There were no other temporary differences and no permanent differences. Pretax accounting income for 2013 was $45 million.On January 1, 2010, Ameen Company purchased a building for $36 million. Ameen uses straight-line depreciation for financial statement reporting and MACRS for income tax reporting. At December 31, 2012, the carrying value of the building was $30 million and its tax basis was $20 million. At December 31, 2013, the carrying value of the building was $28 million and its tax basis was $13 million. There were no other temporary differences and no permanent differences. Pretax accounting income for 2013 was $45 million.On January 1, 2010, Ameen Company purchased a building for $36 million. Ameen uses straight-line depreciation for financial statement reporting and MACRS for income tax reporting. At December 31, 2012, the carrying value of the building was $30 million and its tax basis was $20 million. At December 31, 2013, the carrying value of the building was $28 million and its tax basis was $13 million. There were no other temporary differences and no permanent differences. Pretax accounting income for 2013 was $45 million. On January 1, 2010, Ameen Company purchased a building for $36 million. Ameen uses straight-line depreciation for financial statement reporting and MACRS for income tax reporting. At December 31, 2012, the carrying value of the building was $30 million and its tax basis was $20 million. At December 31, 2013, the carrying value of the building was $28 million and its tax basis was $13 million. There were no other temporary differences and no permanent differences. Pretax accounting income for 2013 was $45 million.On January 1, 2010, Ameen Company purchased a building for $36 million. Ameen uses straight-line depreciation for financial statement reporting and MACRS for income tax reporting. At December 31, 2012, the carrying value of the building was $30 million and its tax basis was $20 million. At December 31,

Assessors Award: the Principles and Requirements of Assessment

Assessor Award Unit 1 Name. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Signature†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Assessor†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Assessor Signature†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Date of Professional Discussion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Date Completed†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Verifier†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Verifier Signature†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..Date of Verification†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. UNDERSTANDING THE PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICES OF ASSESSMENT 1 – Understand the principles and requirements of assessment 1. 1 & 1. 3 Explain the functions of assessment and your responsibilities as an assessor in the learning and development of your learners. (Include how you identify individual learner needs, how you record achievements and set targets, how you monitor and review your learner development, how you complete formative and summative assessments, how you contribute to quality assurance and best practice) . 2 List and define the key concepts and principles of assessment. (recognition of prior learning, special assessment requirements, skills, knowledge and understanding in relation to the roles of learners, trainers, assessors, organisations/employers during induction and the assessment process) 1. 4 & 8. 1 List the regulations and requirements that relate to your practices in your programme area. (Regulatory bodies and Statute Law) Explain the legal issues, policies and procedures relevant to assessment. 2 – Understand the different types of assessment method . 1 List the performance-based and knowledge-based assessment methods you will use with your learners (individually or in a group) and compare the strengths and limitations for each method. Assessment Method Strengths Limitations 3 – Understand how to plan assessment 3. 1 – What are the key factors you have to consider when planning assessments with your l earners? (Assessment methods planned, recognition of prior learning, addressing regulations, learner/employer needs and timing) 3. 2 & 3. 3 What is a â€Å"holistic approach† to assessment planning?How would you plan a â€Å"holistic approach† and explain the benefits. 3. 4 & 3. 5 Identify the risks that will have to be taken into account when planning assessments in your programme area. How can you minimise these when planning? Risks Actions to minimise 4 – Understand how to involve learners and others in the assessment process 4. 1 & 4. 3 Why is it important to involve learners and other people (peers, managers etc) when planning your assessments? How do you involve others and how can they be used effectively to promote learner involvement? 4. & 4. 3 Why is it important to involve learners and other people (peers, managers etc) when planning your assessments? How do you involve others? 4. 2 List the types of information you provide to your learners. 4. 4 Expla in how you can adapt your assessment planning to meet individual learner needs. 5. 1 – Understand how to make assessment decisions 5. 1 How do you judge whether the evidence is sufficient, authentic and current? 5. 2 When assessing the evidence how do you ensure that your decisions meet specified criteria and are valid, reliable and fair? – Understand quality assurance of the assessment process 6. 1 & 6. 2 Summarise the quality assurance and standardisation procedures in your programme area and why these are important. Procedures Why Important 6. 3 What procedures do you have to follow if there is a dispute in the assessment process? 7 – Understand how to manage information relating to assessment 7. 1 Why is it important that you follow your procedures for the management of information used in the assessment process? Summarise the procedures. 7. Explain the importance in the assessment process of feedback and questioning with your learner. 8 – Understand the legal and good practice requirements in relation to assessment: 8. 1 Explain the legal issues in relation to the following: Confidentiality Health, safety and welfare 8. 2 How does technology contribute to your assessments? 8. 3 Evaluate the requirements for Equality and diversity in relation to assessment 8. 4 Explain why you think it is important to reflect on your practice and development. How is this done in your programme area?

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation - Essay Example For every minute he waits by the side for a medical team, his chances for survival becomes slim and his chances of leading a normal life, if he recovers, fade away (American Health Association, 2007). The proposal directly responds to the call by VHA Health Foundation projects related to hospital preparedness. It calls for an emergency procedure that doctors want performed on patients to allow CVD victims to reach hospitals still alive and breathing. It follows the normal flow of proposals, starting with introduction and procedure to budget preparations and conclusion (Hale, Phale D., 1999). The budget details the project cost of the entire project, estimating expenses from the time the concept began to the time it is completed. There maybe other incidental expenses that may just happen in the course of the project, but these unexpected expenses should be considered more or less in the project itself (Volunteering Queensland, 2007). The conclusion summarizes what the proposal wants to project, highlighting its crucial components to convince donors to provide funding. I think the proposal stands a good chance of being funded, but like most other proposals it is entirely possible that it is also rejected. When that case happens, I need to study my proposal some more and det

Liberal Democracy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Liberal Democracy - Essay Example In history, the concept of authenticated and free elections was very strong and it is the reason why most of the dealing conducted on the same idea. As the descriptions and definitions of peacekeeping are immense, similarly there is no single definition of democracy. To sustain democracy, people need democratically elected government. Therefore, elections are mandatory for such people in order to practice democracy. Much analysis of the same democracy involves other factors to name it as the true democracy. Those factors include rule of law, human rights protection, private property protection, individual protection, minority rights protection, segregation of powers of government into different sectors and proper check and balance of delegated authority. In the same light, if a country wants to be called as a democratic government, election is not the only way to achieve it. Democratically elected government is not the only factor that brings the title of democratic power to the coun try. It has to be the liberal democracy that can delivers the ever lasting peace and sustainability that can only be achieved through authenticated and independent elections. So, in this piece of writing, the word democracy is basically a liberal democracy that is created not just to provide protection to the citizens of the nation from the cruelty of the rulers but also safe guard one segment of the nation from the atrocities of the other segment. This sort of democracy is linked with fundamental human rights, good government policies that have the grip to the influential governing people and rule of law. In actual, the liberal democracy is a type of representative democracy where the elected bodies having the governing and decision making power are worked under the constitution that highlights the freedom of citizen and protection of minorities right in the given state. Discussion Liberal form of democracy has become very much popular all over the world and is the top form of gove rnment not just in the western world but also practice in union soviet community. Regardless of the fact that it is spreading at a very fast pace, the democratic system is not completely free from external threatening that has even reached to well developed states. In Russia where the government system is at the top most level, the democratic system still faces the hindrance. In 1989, the constitution development process was not just a domestic affair but reach to an international level with comparative exercise that was not found before the century. The international factor came in the form that various experienced practitioners were allowed to take part in the formation of the constitution from different state and those democratic states who didn’t include them in the process ultimately face the stamp. Constitutional liberation took place after 1989. During that time, democracy was something open and reachable to any individual. As the custom-made format was the most desira ble one than the ready to available one, but the consultation could be made from the experienced makers to get the most benefit. Democratic assistance was seen from western nations but some were fearful regarding the outcome stayed away from the point. Non-governmental organization started working to provide the assistance where it was needed including United Nations and many others. American bar association constitute various personals from different segments of society including merchants, lawyers and judges to serve the purpose of composing the constitutional drafts when needed. As the 19th century was the period of Christian missionaries, the 21st century was labeled as

How does buy a cup of coffee from starbucks affect to the environment Dissertation

How does buy a cup of coffee from starbucks affect to the environment - Dissertation Example And number of store result in an increases or decrease in the waste disposal and hence it is having a positive relationship with each other. Population also can directly affect the quantity of solid waste piled up in a locality and it can add job to the management of municipal solid waste .If the population increases or decreases, the waste disposed also increases or decreases so it shares a positive relationship with dependent variable. Total food expenditure does not directly affect the management of Municipal solid waste and is sharing a negative relationship with dependent variable. However , the recycling mandate is directly related with the dependent variable as the laws passed by the legislation can effect in increase or decrease in the work load of management of solid waste disposal. If a law restricts the Starbucks from disposing non recyclable materials, then it directly affects the dependent variable and hence it shares a positive relationship. Same is the case with the co rporate tax as it is immediately affecting the revenue of the city and hence provides a financial assistance to the municipality in managing the solid waste disposal. So it shares a positive relationship with the management of municipal solid waste.

Principles of Quality Management Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Principles of Quality Management Systems - Essay Example Total quality states the culture and attitude of an organization with the sole purpose of satisfying its customers with its products and services. The culture element in quality control is all pervasive in a company’s operations, removing the faults at first notice to achieve total quality control standards set in the principles of quality management systems. TQM is essentially customer-driven. It is run by top management, where improvement is a continuous process to satisfy customer needs as fast as possible. Products and services are improvised on the basis of collected data and its analysis. The employees participate in the best of team spirit feelings to attain a TQM culture and environment. All departments of an organization work for customer satisfaction – becoming internal customers first by operating as customers to some functions so that any loopholes may be checked and rectified before the product is Okayed for supply to venders. Thus, different parts of a company first become customers of its own products for some functions, then supplier to venders, who play a positive role in the process of total quality management for customer satisfaction. Products are developed in a TQM environment, where attention is paid to enhance and add quality and value to a product by checking errors instead of negative criticism. In a proce ss-oriented atmosphere, team members interact with their internal customers to attain total quality. Venders, who are external customers, become a part in the process of fulfilling customers’ demands, expectations, wishes and needs. Another important principle of Quality management systems is its â€Å"process approach†. This stress on process approach is fundamental to Quality Management Systems BS EN ISO 9001:2000.This standard is the "granddaddy" of global quality management system standards, and is designed to be used by any organization as the foundation for a QMS. It

Monopoly Market Model Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Monopoly Market Model - Research Paper Example However, the legal regulation of monopolies can create conflict with innovation and intellectual property protection and Jones and Sufrin highlight the changes in the telecommunications sector and the multimedia market as a prime example of this and they comment that this market comprises part of a â€Å"new economy†, which: â€Å"Now encompasses high technology industries.... However, the inherent nature of these new market spaces is the rapid pace of technological change, the creation and exploitation of intellectual property rights, the need for complementary products to work together, and a high degree of technical complexity† (Jones and Sufrin 55). This conflict between innovation and the regulation on market monopolies is evident by the high profile litigation involving Microsoft, which has been in troubled in the US under the Sherman Act. Additionally, Microsoft was found to be in breach of antitrust laws and subjected to the highest fine imposed by the EU competition regulatory authorities for abuse of dominant position. The background to the EU case against Microsoft was triggered by an initial complaint by Novell in 1993 in respect of Microsoft’s licensing requirements. Novell argued that Microsoft’s licensing practices regarding tying and bundling were anti-competitive in preventing competitor access to the market. Furthermore, Novell argued that the licensing practices and royalty requirements resulted in a royalty payment for every computer that was sold by a Microsoft operating system supplier, irrespective of whether the computer included the Windows operating system. Microsoft negotiated a settlement in 1994, which led to a change in some licensing practices. However, in 1998 the spotlight was back on Microsoft again as Sun Microsystems complained about Microsoft’s restricted disclosure in respect of the Windows NT interfaces. This triggered

Gun Control Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Gun Control - Research Paper Example Thus, gun control remains an emotive aspect, as on the one hand, there is need for overall citizen safety and welfare; this at the same time providing for the freedom to bear arms as enshrined in the 2nd Amendment (Trotter). As Susan Dudley rightly views, â€Å"The right of the people to keep and bear arms in defense of themselves and of the lawful authority of the state shall not be infringed, except that the manner of bearing arms may be regulated by law.?† (39) This not only being her perspective, but an ideal that is off uttermost importance to true patriots of America. This rights traces its roots to the nation’s founding, when European colonialists settling in the Newfoundland, brought guns for protection and as a means of food provision; protection against the native populations, while food came from hunted game. With the conquest and huge tracks of land in their belonging, the settlers soon discovered the value of having armed men as protection of their new colo nies; this against hostile native Indians among other enemies. Hence, the passing of the Massachusetts Bay laws; this requiring all able-bodied men to bear arm through their joining of state militia, with other settlements following suit. (Gold 33). The American defence against King George’s (3rd ) well armed and disciplined British soldiers, proved too tough even for the aforementioned militia; this necessitating Congress’ establishment of the Continental army. Being led by George Washington, the gun provisions at first proved inadequate, but with the invention of the Colt revolver, being cheaper and firing six times in rapid succession, was to change the above scenario and hence America’s history. By utility of state-of-the-art machinery, in addition to assembly/ industrial production, America soon led the global arena in firearm production. The colt’s greatness can only be best espoused through a popular Western gun lovers’ saying ‘God cre ated men; Colonel Colt made them equal. (Gold, 34) this said, it is hence vividly clear, as to the great place, guns (firearms) possess in America’s history (Moorhouse 103). Thus, the big question, should America have gun control? This is not an easy question as it pertains to a closely held issue pertinent to its citizen’s wellbeing. As is known, the right to arms is rooted in a need for personal protection (of both life and personal property), and in the armed forces; this as espousing their overall need for establishment, security and maintenance of America’s sovereignty. This is best espoused by Gold (26): â€Å"That the right of the citizens to bear arms, in defence of themselves and the state, shall not be questioned.† Thus, should gun control be enforced? Though as aforementioned, it is the right of American citizens to bear arms, it is also the duty of the Federal government to put in check the availability and possession of firearms. â€Å"That a well regulated militia, composed of the body of the people, trained to arms, is the proper, natural and safe defence of a free State; that standing armies, in time of peace, should be avoided as dangerous to liberty; and that in all cases the military should be under strict subordination to, and governed by, the civil power† (Haerens 27). The above portends to the existent danger